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			<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Astrology</h1>
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				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a>, the scientific study of celestial objects.</div>
<table class="infobox" style="width:240px; cellpadding:0; cellspacing:0; border:1px solid darkgray">
<tr>
<th colspan="12" style="padding:5px 0; background:#E5DFD2; font-size:120%; text-align:center"><strong class="selflink">Astrology</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><a href="/wiki/File:Venice_ast_sm.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Venice ast sm.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/270px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg" width="270" height="270" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></div>
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</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan="12" style="background:#E5DFD2; font-size:80%; text-align:center">The <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">astrological signs</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" class="hlist" style="padding:5px 0; background:#E5DFD2; font-size:83%; text-align:center">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" style="background:#DADAE2;font-size:100%; text-align:center">Astrology categories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;background:#F4EEE0; text-align:center">
<hr />
<p><i>Expand list<br />
for reference</i></p>
<hr /></td>
<td colspan="8" style="font-size:90%">
<div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-mode="0" data-ct-options="{&quot;mode&quot;:0,&quot;hideprefix&quot;:20,&quot;showcount&quot;:false,&quot;namespaces&quot;:false}">
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrology" title="collapse" data-ct-loaded="1" data-ct-state="expanded">▼</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrology">Astrology</a></div>
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<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrologers" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers">Astrologers</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet">►</span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrological_ages">Astrological ages</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet">►</span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrological_organizations">Astrological organizations</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrological_signs" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrological_signs">Astrological signs</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="History_of_astrology" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:History_of_astrology">History of astrology</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Technical_factors_of_astrology" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Technical_factors_of_astrology">Technical factors of astrology</a></div>
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<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrological_texts" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrological_texts">Astrological texts</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrology_by_tradition" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_tradition">Astrology by tradition</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><span class="CategoryTreeToggle" style="display: none;" data-ct-title="Astrology_by_type" title="expand" data-ct-state="collapsed">►</span></span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_type">Astrology by type</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet">►</span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_images">Astrology images</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
<div class="CategoryTreeSection">
<div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet">►</span> <a class="CategoryTreeLabel  CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory" href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_stubs">Astrology stubs</a></div>
<div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan="12" style="background:#DADAE2; font-size:100%; text-align:center">Branches of astrology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" class="hlist" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Decumbiture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_astrology" title="Meteorological astrology">Meteorological</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" style="background:#E5DFD2; font-size:80%; text-align:center">The <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">planets in astrology</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" class="hlist" style="background:#E5DFD2; font-size:80%; text-align:center">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun (astrology)">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moon_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon (astrology)">Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (astrology)">Mercury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus (astrology)">Venus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (astrology)">Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres (astrology)">Ceres</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (astrology)">Jupiter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn (astrology)">Saturn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus (astrology)">Uranus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptune (astrology)">Neptune</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluto (astrology)">Pluto</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6" style="background:#E5DFD2; font-size:95%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"><span class="metadata"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg/16px-Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg" width="16" height="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg/24px-Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg/32px-Astrologia-tynk%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="38" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astrology" title="Portal:Astrology">Astrology portal</a></td>
<td colspan="6" style="background:#E5DFD2; font-size:95%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Astrology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Astrology">Astrology project</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" class="hlist" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">Astrologers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Astrological_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Astrological organizations">Astrological organizations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li>
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<p><b>Astrology</b> is the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial objects as a means for <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divining</a> information about human affairs and terrestrial events.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> Astrology has been dated to at least the 2nd millennium <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>, and has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Calendrical_calculation" title="Calendrical calculation">calendrical</a> systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11-5">[5]</a></sup> Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and some – such as the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> – developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th-17th century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, from which it spread to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> and eventually <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscopes</a> that purport to explain aspects of a person's <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a> and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup></p>
<p>Throughout most of its history astrology was considered a scholarly tradition and was common in academic circles, often in close relation with <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a>, and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Kassell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassell-7">[7]</a></sup> It was present in political circles, and is mentioned in various works of literature, from <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" class="mw-redirect" title="Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca</a>.</p>
<p>With the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_revolution" title="Scientific revolution">scientific revolution</a> astrology was called into question; it has been challenged successfully both on <a href="/wiki/Scientific_theory" title="Scientific theory">theoretical</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vishveshwara_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vishveshwara-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:249;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-AsquithNSF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsquithNSF-9">[9]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimental</a><sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup> grounds, and has been shown to have no <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> validity<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Explanatory_power" title="Explanatory power">explanatory power</a>. Astrology thus lost its academic and theoretical standing, and common belief in it has largely declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12">[12]</a></sup> Astrology is now recognized to be <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-astrosociety.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrosociety.org-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann-17">[17]</a></sup></p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Ancient_world"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient world</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ancient_objections"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient objections</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Hellenistic_Egypt"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hellenistic Egypt</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Greece_and_Rome"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Greece and Rome</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Medieval_world"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medieval world</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Hindu"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hindu</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Islamic"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Islamic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Medieval_objections"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medieval objections</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Renaissance_and_Early_Modern"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Renaissance and Early Modern</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Enlightenment_period_and_onwards"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Enlightenment period and onwards</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Principles_and_practice"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Principles and practice</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Western"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Western</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Hindu_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hindu</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Chinese_and_East-Asian"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Chinese and East-Asian</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Theological_viewpoints"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Theological viewpoints</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Ancient"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Medieval"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Medieval</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Modern"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Modern</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Scientific_analysis_and_criticism"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific analysis and criticism</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Demarcation"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Demarcation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Effectiveness"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Effectiveness</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Lack of mechanisms and consistency</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Cultural_impact"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural impact</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Western_politics_and_society"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Western politics and society</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#India_and_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">India and Japan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Literature_and_music"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Literature and music</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/170px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg" width="170" height="245" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/255px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg/340px-Marcantonio_Raimondi_-_Two_Women_with_the_Signs_of_Libra_and_Scorpio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="580" /></a>
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Marcantonio Raimondi engraving, 15th century</div>
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<p>The word <i><a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astrology" class="extiw" title="wikt:astrology">astrology</a></i> comes from the early <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i><a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astrologia" class="extiw" title="wikt:astrologia">astrologia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> which derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span lang="grc"><a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀστ?ολογία">ἀστ?ολογία</a></span>—from <a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄστ?ον">ἄστ?ον</a> <i>astron</i> ("star") and <a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:-λογία">-λογία</a> <i>-logia</i>, ("study of"—"account of the stars"). <i>Astrologia</i> later passed into meaning 'star-divination' with <i><a href="//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astronomia" class="extiw" title="wikt:astronomia">astronomia</a></i> used for the scientific term.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" width="170" height="240" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="1869" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:P._26_%27The_Zodiac_Man%27_a_diagram_of_a_human_body_and_astrological_symbols_with_instructions_explaining_the_importance_of_astrology_from_a_medical_perspective.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<i>The Zodiac Man</i> a diagram of a human body and astrological symbols with instructions explaining the importance of astrology from a medical perspective. From a 15th-century Welsh manuscript</div>
</div>
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<p>Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. In the West, astrology most often consists of a system of <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscopes</a> purporting to explain aspects of a person's <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a> and predict future events in their life based on the positions of the sun, moon, and other celestial objects at the time of their birth. The majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup></p>
<p>Astrology has been dated to at least the 2nd millennium <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>, with roots in <a href="/wiki/Calendrical_calculation" title="Calendrical calculation">calendrical</a> systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11-5">[5]</a></sup> A form of astrology was practised in the first dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (1950–1651 BCE). Chinese astrology was elaborated in the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1046–256 BCE). <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a> after 332 BCE mixed <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a> with Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Decans" title="Decans">Decanic astrology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, creating <a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">horoscopic astrology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great's</a> conquest of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> allowed astrology to spread to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>. In Rome, astrology was associated with '<a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldean</a> wisdom'. After the conquest of Alexandria in the 7th century, astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars, and Hellenistic texts were translated into Arabic and Persian. In the 12th century, Arabic texts were imported to Europe and <a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century" title="Latin translations of the 12th century">translated into Latin</a>. Major astronomers including <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> practised as court astrologers. Astrological references appear in literature in the works of poets such as <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, and of playwrights such as <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.</p>
<p>Throughout most of its history, astrology was considered a scholarly tradition. It was accepted in political and academic contexts, and was connected with other studies, such as <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a>, and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Kassell_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassell-7">[7]</a></sup> At the end of the 17th century, new scientific concepts in astronomy and physics (such as <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">Newtonian mechanics</a>) called astrology into question. Astrology thus lost its academic and theoretical standing, and common belief in astrology has largely declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-12">[12]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_world">Ancient world</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient world">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">See also: <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></div>
<p>Astrology, in its broadest sense, is the search for meaning in the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2,3</sup> Early evidence for humans making conscious attempts to measure, record, and predict seasonal changes by reference to astronomical cycles, appears as markings on bones and cave walls, which show that lunar cycles were being noted as early as 25,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshack_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshack-21">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:81ff</sup> This was a first step towards recording the Moon's influence upon tides and rivers, and towards organising a communal calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshack_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshack-21">[21]</a></sup> Farmers addressed agricultural needs with increasing knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Constellations" class="mw-redirect" title="Constellations">constellations</a> that appear in the different seasons—and used the rising of particular star-groups to herald annual floods or seasonal activities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> By the 3rd millennium BCE, civilisations had sophisticated awareness of celestial cycles, and may have oriented temples in alignment with <a href="/wiki/Heliacal_rising" title="Heliacal rising">heliacal risings</a> of the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup></p>
<p>Scattered evidence suggests that the oldest known astrological references are copies of texts made in the ancient world. The <a href="/wiki/Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa" title="Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa">Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa</a> thought to be compiled in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> around 1700 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> A scroll documenting an early use of <a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">electional astrology</a> is doubtfully ascribed to the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Gudea_of_Lagash" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudea of Lagash">Gudea of Lagash</a> (c. 2144 – 2124 BCE). This describes how the gods revealed to him in a dream the constellations that would be most favourable for the planned construction of a temple.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> However, there is controversy about whether these were genuinely recorded at the time or merely ascribed to ancient rulers by posterity. The oldest undisputed evidence of the use of astrology as an integrated system of knowledge is therefore attributed to the records of the first dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (1950–1651 BCE). This astrology had some parallels with <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> Greek (western) astrology, including the zodiac, a norming point near 9 degrees in Aries, the trine aspect, planetary exaltations, and the dodekatemoria (the twelve divisions of 30 degrees each).<sup id="cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-26">[26]</a></sup> The Babylonians viewed celestial events as possible signs rather than as causes of physical events.<sup id="cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-26">[26]</a></sup></p>
<p>The system of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a> was elaborated during the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1046–256 BCE) and flourished during the <a href="/wiki/Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Dynasty">Han Dynasty</a> (2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the five elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Kistemaker_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kistemaker-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:3,4</sup></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_objections">Ancient objections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient objections">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/170px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/255px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG/340px-Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1636" /></a>
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The Roman orator <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> objected to astrology</div>
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<p><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Augustine">Saint Augustine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the earth than the moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the moon's.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a> argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on mankind should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac. He also argues that the interpretation of the moon's conjunction with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the moon's point of view, half of her surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the moon, but when the moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Favorinus" title="Favorinus">Favorinus</a> argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates. <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a> argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carneades" title="Carneades">Carneades</a> argued that belief in fate denies <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a>; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hellenistic_Egypt">Hellenistic Egypt</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Hellenistic Egypt">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadritpartitum.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, the Hellenistic text that founded Western astrology" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/170px-Quadritpartitum.jpg" width="170" height="205" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/255px-Quadritpartitum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Quadritpartitum.jpg/340px-Quadritpartitum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="505" /></a>
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1484 copy of first page of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy's</a> <i>Tetrabiblos</i>, translated into Latin by <a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Tivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato of Tivoli">Plato of Tivoli</a></div>
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<p>In 525 BCE, Egypt was conquered by the Persians. The 1st century BCE Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Dendera_Zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendera Zodiac">Dendera Zodiac</a> shares two signs – the Balance and the Scorpion – with Mesopotamian astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup></p>
<p>With the occupation by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 332 BCE, Egypt became <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> was founded by Alexander after the conquest, becoming the place where <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a> was mixed with Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Decans" title="Decans">Decanic astrology</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a>. This contained the Babylonian zodiac with its system of planetary <a href="/wiki/Exaltation_(astrology)" title="Exaltation (astrology)">exaltations</a>, the triplicities of the signs and the importance of eclipses. It used the Egyptian concept of dividing the zodiac into thirty-six decans of ten degrees each, with an emphasis on the rising decan, and the Greek system of planetary Gods, sign rulership and <a href="/wiki/Four_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Four elements">four elements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> 2nd century BCE texts predict positions of planets in zodiac signs at the time of the rising of certain decans, particularly Sothis.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Astrologer" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a> and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy#Astrology" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> lived in Alexandria. Ptolemy's work the <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a></i> formed the basis of Western astrology, and, "...enjoyed almost the authority of a Bible among the astrological writers of a thousand years or more."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Greece_and_Rome">Greece and Rome</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Greece and Rome">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The conquest of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> exposed the Greeks to ideas from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, Babylon, Persia and central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> Around 280 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Berossus" title="Berossus">Berossus</a>, a priest of <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Bel</a> from Babylon, moved to the Greek island of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>, teaching astrology and Babylonian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> By the 1st century BCE, there were two varieties of astrology, one using <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscopes</a> to describe the past, present and future; the other, <a href="/wiki/Theurgic" class="mw-redirect" title="Theurgic">theurgic</a>, emphasising the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul's</a> ascent to the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> Greek influence played a crucial role in the transmission of astrological theory to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-B32_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B32-42">[42]</a></sup></p>
<p>The first definite reference to astrology in Rome comes from the orator <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato</a>, who in 160 BCE warned farm overseers against consulting with Chaldeans,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> who were described as Babylonian 'star-gazers'.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion227_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion227-44">[44]</a></sup> Among both Greeks and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, Babylonia (also known as <a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldea</a>) became so identified with astrology that 'Chaldean wisdom' became <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> with <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> using planets and stars.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> The 2nd-century Roman poet and satirist <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> complains about the pervasive influence of Chaldeans, saying, "Still more trusted are the Chaldaeans; every word uttered by the astrologer they will believe has come from <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Hammon's</a> fountain."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup></p>
<p>One of the first astrologers to bring <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermetic</a> astrology to Rome was <a href="/wiki/Thrasyllus_of_Mendes" title="Thrasyllus of Mendes">Thrasyllus</a>, astrologer to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-B32_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B32-42">[42]</a></sup> the first emperor to have had a court astrologer,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> though his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> had used astrology to help legitimise his <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperial</a> rights.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medieval_world">Medieval world</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Medieval world">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Hindu">Hindu</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Hindu">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the <i><a href="/wiki/B%E1%B9%9Bhat_Par%C4%81%C5%9Bara_Hor%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81stra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bṛhat Par?śara Hor?ś?stra"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Bṛhat Par?śara Hor?ś?stra</span></a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="S?r?valī">S?r?valī</a></i> by <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kaly?ṇavarma</span>. The <i>Hor?shastra</i> is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1–51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century. The <i>S?r?valī</i> likewise dates to around 800 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> English translations of these texts were published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Islamic">Islamic</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Islamic">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_medieval_Islam" title="Astrology in medieval Islam">Astrology in medieval Islam</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Image of a Latin astrological text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/220px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/330px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg/440px-Translation_of_Albumasar_Venice_1515_De_Magnis_Coniunctionibus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="1622" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translation of <a href="/wiki/Albumasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumasar">Abū Maʿshar's</a> <i>De Magnis Coniunctionibus</i> ('Of the great <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy_and_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjunction (astronomy and astrology)">conjunctions</a>'), <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, 1515</div>
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<p>Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> following the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid empire</a> in the 8th. The second Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mansur" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mansur">Al Mansur</a> (754–775) founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> to act as a centre of learning, and included in its design a library-translation centre known as <i>Bayt al-Hikma</i> 'House of Wisdom', which continued to receive development from his heirs and was to provide a major impetus for Arabic-Persian translations of Hellenistic astrological texts. The early translators included <a href="/wiki/Mashallah_ibn_Athari" title="Mashallah ibn Athari">Mashallah</a>, who helped to elect the time for the foundation of Baghdad,<sup id="cite_ref-Biruni_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biruni-51">[51]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sahl_ibn_Bishr" title="Sahl ibn Bishr">Sahl ibn Bishr</a>, (<i>a.k.a.</i> <i>Zael</i>), whose texts were directly influential upon later European astrologers such as <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bonatti" title="Guido Bonatti">Guido Bonatti</a> in the 13th century, and <a href="/wiki/William_Lilly" title="William Lilly">William Lilly</a> in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> Knowledge of Arabic texts started to become imported into Europe during the <a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century" title="Latin translations of the 12th century">Latin translations of the 12th century</a>.</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/170px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg" width="170" height="230" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/255px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg/340px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1907" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> meets the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a> in the Sphere of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, in Canto 5 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a></i></div>
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<div role="note" class="hatnote">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a></div>
<p>The first astrological book published in Europe was the <i>Liber Planetis et Mundi Climatibus</i> ("Book of the Planets and Regions of the World"), which appeared between 1010 and 1027 AD, and may have been authored by <a href="/wiki/Gerbert_of_Aurillac" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerbert of Aurillac">Gerbert of Aurillac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion44_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion44-53">[53]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy's</a> second century AD <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a></i> was translated into Latin by <a href="/wiki/Plato_Tiburtinus" title="Plato Tiburtinus">Plato of Tivoli</a> in 1138.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion44_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion44-53">[53]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican order">Dominican</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> followed <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in proposing that the stars ruled the imperfect 'sublunary' body, while attempting to reconcile astrology with Christianity by stating that God ruled the soul.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion45_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion45-54">[54]</a></sup> The thirteenth century mathematician <a href="/wiki/Campanus_of_Novara" title="Campanus of Novara">Campanus of Novara</a> is said to have devised a system of astrological houses that divides the <a href="/wiki/Prime_vertical" title="Prime vertical">prime vertical</a> into 'houses' of equal 30° arcs,<sup id="cite_ref-Campion46_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion46-55">[55]</a></sup> though the system was used earlier in the East.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> The thirteenth century <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bonatti" title="Guido Bonatti">Guido Bonatti</a> wrote a textbook, the <i>Liber Astronomicus</i>, a copy of which King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a> owned at the end of the fifteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion46_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion46-55">[55]</a></sup></p>
<p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a></i>, the final part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>, the Italian poet <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> referred "in countless details"<sup id="cite_ref-Durling_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durling-57">[57]</a></sup> to the astrological planets, though he adapted traditional astrology to suit his Christian viewpoint,<sup id="cite_ref-Durling_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durling-57">[57]</a></sup> for example using astrological thinking in his prophecies of the reform of Christendom.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Medieval_objections">Medieval objections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Medieval objections">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/170px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg" width="170" height="189" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/255px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg/340px-Isidor_von_Sevilla.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="3009" /></a>
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The medieval theologian <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> criticised the predictive part of astrology</div>
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<p>In the seventh century, <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> argued in his <i><a href="/wiki/Etymologiae" title="Etymologiae">Etymologiae</a></i> that astronomy described the movements of the heavens, while astrology had two parts: one was scientific, describing the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars, while the other, making predictions, was theologically erroneous.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood5_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood5-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isidore_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isidore-60">[60]</a></sup> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a> in the fourteenth century defined astrology as essentially limited to the making of predictions.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood5_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood5-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> The influence of the stars was in turn divided into natural astrology, with for example effects on tides and the growth of plants, and judicial astrology, with supposedly predictable effects on people.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood6_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood6-62">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allen148_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen148-63">[63]</a></sup> The fourteenth century sceptic <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Nicole Oresme</a> however included astronomy as a part of astrology in his <i>Livre de divinacions</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood8_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood8-64">[64]</a></sup> Oresme argued that current approaches to prediction of events such as plagues, wars, and weather were inappropriate, but that such prediction was a valid field of inquiry. However, he attacked the use of astrology to choose the timing of actions (so-called interrogation and election) as wholly false, and rejected the determination of human action by the stars on grounds of free will.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood8_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood8-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coopland_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coopland-65">[65]</a></sup> The friar Laurens Pignon (c. 1368–1449)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> similarly rejected all forms of divination and determinism, including by the stars, in his 1411 <i>Contre les Devineurs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> This was in opposition to the tradition carried by the Arab astronomer <a href="/wiki/Albumasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Albumasar">Albumasar</a> (787-886) whose <i>Introductorium in Astronomiam</i> and <i>De Magnis Coniunctionibus</i> argued the view that both individual actions and larger scale history are determined by the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Renaissance_and_Early_Modern">Renaissance and Early Modern</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Renaissance and Early Modern">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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'An Astrologer Casting a Horoscope' from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd's</a> <i>Utriusque Cosmi Historia</i>, 1617</div>
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<p><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> scholars commonly practised astrology. <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> cast the horoscope of king <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI of England</a>, while <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> was the personal astrologer to queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medici">Catherine de Medici</a> paid <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nostradamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Nostradamus">Michael Nostradamus</a> in 1566 to verify the prediction of the death of her husband, king <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> made by her astrologer Lucus Gauricus. Major astronomers who practised as court astrologers included <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> in the royal court of Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici">Medici</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> who was burnt at the stake for heresy in Rome in 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion47_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion47-69">[69]</a></sup> The distinction between astrology and astronomy was not entirely clear. Advances in astronomy were often motivated by the desire to improve the accuracy of astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup></p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris" title="Ephemeris">Ephemerides</a> with complex astrological calculations, and <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanacs</a> interpreting celestial events for use in medicine and for choosing times to plant crops, were popular in Elizabethan England.<sup id="cite_ref-Harkness105_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkness105-71">[71]</a></sup> In 1597, the English <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hood_(mathematician)" title="Thomas Hood (mathematician)">Thomas Hood</a> made a set of paper instruments that used revolving overlays to help students work out relationships between fixed stars or constellations, the midheaven, and the twelve <a href="/wiki/House_(astrology)" title="House (astrology)">astrological houses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harkness133_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkness133-72">[72]</a></sup> Hood's instruments also illustrated, for pedagogical purposes, the supposed relationships between the signs of the zodiac, the planets, and the parts of the human body adherents believed were governed by the planets and signs.<sup id="cite_ref-Harkness133_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkness133-72">[72]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> While Hood's presentation was innovative, his astrological information was largely standard and was taken from <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Mercator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Mercator">Gerard Mercator's</a> astrological disc made in 1551, or a source used by Mercator.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup></p>
<p>English astrology had reached its zenith by the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup> Astrologers were theorists, researchers, and social engineers, as well as providing individual advice to everyone from monarchs downwards. Among other things, astrologers could advise on the best time to take a journey or harvest a crop, diagnose and prescribe for physical or mental illnesses, and predict natural disasters. This underpinned a system in which everything—people, the world, the universe—was understood to be interconnected, and astrology co-existed happily with <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Enlightenment_period_and_onwards">Enlightenment period and onwards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Enlightenment period and onwards">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>During <a href="/wiki/The_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enlightenment">the Enlightenment</a>, intellectual sympathy for astrology fell away, leaving only a popular following supported by cheap almanacs.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter-78">[78]</a></sup> One English almanac compiler, Richard Saunders, followed the spirit of the age by printing a derisive <i>Discourse on the Invalidity of Astrology</i>, while in France <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle's</a> <i>Dictionnaire</i> of 1697 stated that the subject was puerile.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter-78">[78]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> ridiculed the <a href="/wiki/Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whig</a> political astrologer <a href="/wiki/John_Partridge_(astrologer)" title="John Partridge (astrologer)">John Partridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter-78">[78]</a></sup></p>
<p>Astrology saw a popular revival starting in the 19th century, as part of a general revival of <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism" title="Spiritualism">spiritualism</a> and—later, <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion-2009-79">[79]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239–249</sup> and through the influence of mass media such as newspaper horoscopes.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion-2009-79">[79]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:259–263</sup> Early in the 20th century the psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> developed some concepts concerning astrology,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> which led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">psychological astrology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campion-2009-79">[79]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:251–256;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Principles_and_practice">Principles and practice</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Principles and practice">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Advocates have defined astrology as a symbolic language, an <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> form, a <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and a method of divination.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> Though most cultural astrology systems share common roots in ancient philosophies that influenced each other, many use methods that differ from those in the West. These include Hindu astrology (also known as "Indian astrology" and in modern times referred to as "Vedic astrology") and Chinese astrology, both of which have influenced the world's cultural history.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Western">Western</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Western">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">For more details on this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a>.</div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> based on the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">horoscope</a> for an exact moment, such as a person's birth.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> It uses the tropical zodiac, which is aligned to the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinoctial points</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup></p>
<p>Western astrology is founded on the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies such as the Sun, Moon and planets, which are analysed by their movement through <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">signs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> (twelve spatial divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>) and by their <a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">aspects</a> (based on geometric angles) relative to one another. They are also considered by their placement in <a href="/wiki/House_(astrology)" title="House (astrology)">houses</a> (twelve spatial divisions of the sky).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup> Astrology's modern representation in western popular media is usually reduced to <a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">sun sign astrology</a>, which considers only the zodiac sign of the Sun at an individual's date of birth, and represents only 1/12 of the total chart.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup></p>
<p>The horoscope visually expresses the set of relationships for the time and place of the chosen event. These relationships are between the seven 'planets', signifying tendencies such as war and love; the twelve signs of the zodiac; and the twelve houses. Each planet is in a particular sign and a particular house at the chosen time, when observed from the chosen place, creating two kinds of relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-Kremer_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kremer-89">[89]</a></sup> A third kind is the aspect of each planet to every other planet, where for example two planets 120° apart (in 'trine') are in a harmonious relationship, but two planets 90° apart ('square') are in a conflicted relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> Together these relationships and their interpretations supposedly form "...the language of the heavens speaking to learned men."<sup id="cite_ref-Kremer_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kremer-89">[89]</a></sup></p>
<p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Tarot_divination" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot divination">tarot divination</a>, astrology is one of the core studies of <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a>, and as such has influenced systems of <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a> belief not only among Western esotericists and <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticists</a>, but also belief systems such as <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a> that have borrowed from or been influenced by the Western esoteric tradition. <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Luhrmann" title="Tanya Luhrmann">Tanya Luhrmann</a> has said that "all magicians know something about astrology," and refers to a <a href="/wiki/Table_of_correspondences" title="Table of correspondences">table of correspondences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spiral_Dance" title="The Spiral Dance">The Spiral Dance</a></i>, organised by <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">planet</a>, as an example of the astrological lore studied by magicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Luhrmann_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luhrmann-92">[92]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hindu_2">Hindu</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Hindu">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></div>
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Page from an Indian astrological treatise, c. 1750</div>
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<p>The earliest <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedic</a> text on astronomy is the <i><a href="/wiki/Vedanga_Jyotisha" title="Vedanga Jyotisha">Vedanga Jyotisha</a></i>; Vedic thought later came to include astrology as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Subbarayappa_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subbarayappa-93">[93]</a></sup></p>
<p>Hindu natal astrology originated with Hellenistic astrology by the 3rd century BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-Pingree1978_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pingree1978-94">[94]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:361</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pingree2001_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pingree2001-95">[95]</a></sup> though incorporating the Hindu lunar mansions.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup> The names of the signs (e.g. Greek 'Krios' for Aries, Hindi 'Kriya'), the planets (e.g. Greek 'Helios' for Sun, astrological Hindi 'Heli'), and astrological terms (e.g. Greek 'apoklima' and 'sunaphe' for declination and planetary conjunction, Hindi 'apoklima' and 'sunapha' respectively) in Varaha Mihira's texts are considered conclusive evidence of a Greek origin for Hindu astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> The Indian techniques may also have been augmented with some of the Babylonian techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-Pingree1963_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pingree1963-98">[98]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:231</sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chinese_and_East-Asian">Chinese and East-Asian</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Chinese and East-Asian">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">For more details on this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a>.</div>
<p>Chinese astrology has a close relation with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Chinese philosophy</a> (theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth and man) and uses concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yin and yang</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wu_xing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu xing">Five phases</a>, the 10 <a href="/wiki/Celestial_stems" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial stems">Celestial stems</a>, the 12 <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shichen" class="mw-redirect" title="Shichen">shichen</a> (時辰 a form of timekeeping used for religious purposes). The early use of Chinese astrology was mainly confined to <a href="/wiki/Political_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Political astrology">political astrology</a>, the observation of unusual phenomena, identification of <a href="/wiki/Portent_(divination)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portent (divination)">portents</a> and the selection of auspicious days for events and decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Kistemaker_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kistemaker-27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22,85,176</sup></p>
<p>The constellations of the Zodiac of western Asia and Europe were not used; instead the sky is divided into <a href="/wiki/Three_Enclosures" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Enclosures">Three Enclosures</a> (三垣 s?n yuán), and <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eight_Mansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-eight Mansions">Twenty-eight Mansions</a> (二??八宿 èrshíb? xiù) in twelve Ci (<a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:分野">??二次</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> The Chinese zodiac of twelve <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign#Chinese_zodiac_signs" title="Astrological sign">animal signs</a> is said to represent twelve different types of <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a>. It is based on cycles of years, lunar months, and two-hour periods of the day (the shichen). The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>, and the cycle proceeds through 11 other animals signs: the <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup> Complex systems of predicting <a href="/wiki/Fate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fate">fate</a> and destiny based on one's birthday, birth season, and birth hours, such as <i>ziping</i> and <a href="/wiki/Zi_wei_dou_shu" title="Zi wei dou shu">Zi Wei Dou Shu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">紫微斗数</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">紫微斗數</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">z?wēidǒushù</span></i>) are still used regularly in modern-day Chinese astrology. They do not rely on direct observations of the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Korean zodiac is identical to the Chinese one. The Vietnamese zodiac is almost identical to Chinese zodiac except the second animal is the <i><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo_(zodiac)" title="Water buffalo (zodiac)">Water Buffalo</a></i> instead of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a></i>, and the fourth animal is the <i><a href="/wiki/Cat_(zodiac)" title="Cat (zodiac)">Cat</a></i> instead of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a></i>. The Japanese have since 1873 celebrated the beginning of the new year on 1 January as per the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a>. The Thai zodiac begins, not at <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>, but either on the first day of fifth month in the <a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">Thai lunar calendar</a>, or during the <a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> festival (now celebrated every 13–15 April), depending on the purpose of the use.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Theological_viewpoints">Theological viewpoints</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Theological viewpoints">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_views_on_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim views on astrology">Muslim views on astrology</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient">Ancient</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Ancient">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a> (354–430) believed that the determinism of astrology conflicted with the Christian doctrines of man's free will and responsibility, and God not being the cause of evil,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup> but he also grounded his opposition philosophically, citing the failure of astrology to explain twins who behave differently although conceived at the same moment and born at approximately the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Hess_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess-104">[104]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medieval">Medieval</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Medieval">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Some of the practices of astrology were contested on theological grounds by medieval Muslim astronomers such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a> (Alpharabius), <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham</a> (Alhazen) and <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>. They said that the methods of astrologers conflicted with orthodox religious views of <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">Islamic scholars</a>, by suggesting that the Will of God can be known and predicted in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> For example, Avicenna's 'Refutation against astrology', <i>Ris?la fī ibṭ?l aḥk?m al-nojūm</i>, argues against the practice of astrology while supporting the principle that planets may act as agents of divine causation. Avicenna considered that the movement of the planets influenced life on earth in a deterministic way, but argued against the possibility of determining the exact influence of the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> Essentially, Avicenna did not deny the core dogma of astrology, but denied our ability to understand it to the extent that precise and fatalistic predictions could be made from it.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qayyim_Al-Jawziyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya">Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya</a> (1292–1350), in his <i>Miftah Dar al-SaCadah</i>, also used <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physical</a> arguments in astronomy to question the practice of judicial astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-Livingston_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livingston-108">[108]</a></sup> He recognised that the <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> are much larger than the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a>, and argued:</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<p>And if you astrologers answer that it is precisely because of this distance and smallness that their influences are negligible, then why is it that you claim a great influence for the smallest heavenly body, Mercury? Why is it that you have given an influence to al-Ra's and <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhanab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Dhanab">al-Dhanab</a>, which are two imaginary points [ascending and descending nodes]?</p>
<div class="templatequotecite"><cite>— Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya<sup id="cite_ref-Livingston_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livingston-108">[108]</a></sup></cite></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Modern">Modern</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Modern">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> maintains that divination, including predictive astrology, is incompatible with modern <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> beliefs<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup> such as free will:<sup id="cite_ref-Hess_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess-104">[104]</a></sup></p>
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<p>All forms of divination are to be rejected: recourse to Satan or demons, conjuring up the dead or other practices falsely supposed to "unveil" the future. Consulting horoscopes, astrology, palm reading, interpretation of omens and lots, the phenomena of clairvoyance, and recourse to mediums all conceal a desire for power over time, history, and, in the last analysis, other human beings, as well as a wish to conciliate hidden powers. They contradict the honor, respect, and loving fear that we owe to God alone.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup></p>
<div class="templatequotecite"><cite>— Catechism of the Catholic Church</cite></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientific_analysis_and_criticism">Scientific analysis and criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Scientific analysis and criticism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></div>
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Popper proposed falsifiability as something that distinguishes science from non-science, using astrology as the example of an idea that has not dealt with falsification during experiment</div>
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<p>The scientific community rejects astrology as having no explanatory power for describing the universe, and consider it a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-astrosociety.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrosociety.org-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann-17">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1350</sup> Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or purported effects outlined in astrological traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:424;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup> There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict well understood, basic aspects of biology and physics.<sup id="cite_ref-Vishveshwara_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vishveshwara-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:249;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-AsquithNSF_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsquithNSF-9">[9]</a></sup> Those who continue to have faith in astrology have been characterised as doing so "...in spite of the fact that there is no verified scientific basis for their beliefs, and indeed that there is strong evidence to the contrary."<sup id="cite_ref-Humanist_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humanist-113">[113]</a></sup></p>
<p>It has also been shown that <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">confirmation bias</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a> factor that contributes to belief in astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-Allum_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allum-114">[114]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:344;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond-115">[115]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:180–181;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eysenck1982_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eysenck1982-116">[116]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:42–48</sup> Confirmation bias is a form of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">cognitive bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[a]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez-118">[117]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:553</sup> According to available literature, astrology believers tend to selectively remember predictions that turn out to be true, and do not remember those that turn out false. Another, separate, form of confirmation bias also plays a role, where believers often fail to distinguish between messages that demonstrate special ability and those that do not.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond-115">[115]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:180–181</sup> Thus there are two distinct forms of confirmation bias that are under study with respect to astrological belief.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond-115">[115]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:180–181</sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Demarcation">Demarcation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Demarcation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Under the criterion of <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">falsifiability</a>, first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Philosopher_of_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher of science">philosopher of science</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>, astrology is a pseudoscience.<sup id="cite_ref-PopperStanford_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopperStanford-119">[118]</a></sup> Popper regarded astrology as "pseudo-empirical" in that "it appeals to observation and experiment," but "nevertheless does not come up to scientific standards."<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-120">[119]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:44</sup> In contrast to scientific disciplines, astrology has not responded to falsification through experiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Cogan_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cogan-121">[120]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:206</sup></p>
<p>In contrast to Popper, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a> argued that it was not lack of falsifiability that makes astrology unscientific, but rather that the process and concepts of astrology are non-empirical.<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright-122">[121]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:401</sup> Kuhn thought that, though astrologers had, historically, made predictions that categorically failed, this in itself does not make it unscientific, nor do attempts by astrologers to explain away failures by claiming that creating a horoscope is very difficult. Rather, in Kuhn's eyes, astrology is not science because it was always more akin to <a href="/wiki/Medieval_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval medicine">medieval medicine</a>; they followed a sequence of rules and guidelines for a seemingly necessary field with known shortcomings, but they did no research because the fields are not amenable to research,<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:8</sup> and so "they had no puzzles to solve and therefore no science to practise."<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright-122">[121]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:401;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:8</sup> While an astronomer could correct for failure, an astrologer could not. An astrologer could only explain away failure but could not revise the astrological <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a> in a meaningful way. As such, to Kuhn, even if the stars could influence the path of humans through life astrology is not scientific.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhn_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhn-123">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:8</sup></p>
<p>The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thagard" title="Paul Thagard">Paul Thagard</a> asserts that astrology cannot be regarded as falsified in this sense until it has been replaced with a successor. In the case of predicting behaviour, psychology is the alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-13">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:228</sup> To Thagard a further criterion of demarcation of science from pseudoscience is that the state-of-the-art must progress and that the community of researchers should be attempting to compare the current theory to alternatives, and not be "selective in considering confirmations and disconfirmations."<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-13">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:227–228</sup> Progress is defined here as explaining new phenomena and solving existing problems, yet astrology has failed to progress having only changed little in nearly 2000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-13">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:228</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hurley_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurley-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:549</sup> To Thagard, astrologers are acting as though engaged in <a href="/wiki/Normal_science" title="Normal science">normal science</a> believing that the foundations of astrology were well established despite the "many unsolved problems," and in the face of better alternative theories (psychology). For these reasons Thagard views astrology as pseudoscience.<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hurley_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurley-124">[123]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:228</sup></p>
<p>For the philosopher Edward W. James, astrology is irrational not because of the numerous problems with mechanisms and falsification due to experiments, but because an analysis of the astrological literature shows that it is infused with fallacious logic and poor reasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-EdwardJ_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwardJ-125">[124]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:34</sup></p>
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<p>What if throughout astrological writings we meet little appreciation of coherence, blatant insensitivity to evidence, no sense of a hierarchy of reasons, slight command over the contextual force of critieria, stubborn unwillingless to pursue an argument where it leads, stark naivete concerning the effiacacy of explanation and so on? In that case, I think, we are perfectly justified in rejecting astrology as irrational.&#160;... Astrology simply fails to meet the multifarious demands of legitimate reasoning."</p>
<div class="templatequotecite"><cite>— Edward W. James<sup id="cite_ref-EdwardJ_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdwardJ-125">[124]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:34</sup></cite></div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Effectiveness">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Astrology has not demonstrated its effectiveness in <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">controlled studies</a> and has no scientific validity.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:85;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup> Where it has made <a href="/wiki/Falsifiable" class="mw-redirect" title="Falsifiable">falsifiable</a> predictions under <a href="/wiki/Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">controlled conditions</a>, they have been falsified.<sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:424</sup> One famous experiment included 28 astrologers who were asked to match over a hundred natal charts to psychological profiles generated by the <a href="/wiki/California_Psychological_Inventory" title="California Psychological Inventory">California Psychological Inventory</a> (CPI) questionnaire.<sup id="cite_ref-Muller_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muller-126">[125]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CritThink_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritThink-127">[126]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trials" title="Blind experiment">double-blind</a> experimental protocol used in this study was agreed upon by a group of physicists and a group of astrologers<sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup> nominated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Geocosmic_Research" title="National Council for Geocosmic Research">National Council for Geocosmic Research</a>, who advised the experimenters, helped ensure that the test was fair<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson-10">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:420;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-CritThink_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritThink-127">[126]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:117</sup> and helped draw the central proposition of <a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">natal astrology</a> to be tested.<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson-10">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:419</sup> They also chose 26 out of the 28 astrologers for the tests (two more volunteered afterwards).<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson-10">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:420</sup> The study, published in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> in 1985, found that predictions based on natal astrology were no better than chance, and that the testing "...clearly refutes the astrological hypothesis."<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson-10">[10]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 1955, astrologer and psychologist Michel Gauquelin stated that though he had failed to find evidence that supported indicators like <a href="/wiki/Astrological_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological signs">zodiacal signs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspects" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological aspects">planetary aspects</a> in astrology, he did find positive correlations between the <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_motion" title="Diurnal motion">diurnal positions</a> of some <a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">planets</a> and success in professions that astrology traditionally associates with those planets.<sup id="cite_ref-Pont_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pont-128">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gauquelin-1955_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gauquelin-1955-129">[128]</a></sup> The best-known of Gauquelin's findings is based on the positions of Mars in the <a href="/wiki/Natal_chart" title="Natal chart">natal charts</a> of successful athletes and became known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_effect" title="Mars effect">Mars effect</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll-130">[129]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:213</sup> A study conducted by seven French scientists attempted to replicate the claim, but found no statistical evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll-130">[129]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:213–214</sup> They attributed the effect to selective bias on Gauquelin's part, accusing him of attempting to persuade them to add or delete names from their study.<sup id="cite_ref-Benski_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benski-131">[130]</a></sup></p>
<p>Geoffrey Dean has suggested that the effect may be caused by self-reporting of birth dates by parents rather than any issue with the study by Gauquelin. The suggestion is that a small subset of the parents may have had changed birth times to be consistent with better astrological charts for a related profession. The sample group was taken from a time where belief in astrology was more common. Gauquelin had failed to find the Mars effect in more recent populations, where a nurse or doctor recorded the birth information. The number of births under astrologically undesirable conditions was also lower, indicating more evidence that parents choose dates and times to suit their beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-CritThink_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritThink-127">[126]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:116</sup></p>
<p>Dean, a scientist and former astrologer, and psychologist Ivan Kelly conducted a large scale scientific test that involved more than one hundred <a href="/wiki/Cognitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive">cognitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioural" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioural">behavioural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physical</a>, and other variables—but found no support for astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-FailToPredict_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FailToPredict-132">[131]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey-133">[132]</a></sup> Furthermore, a <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> pooled 40 studies that involved 700 astrologers and over 1,000 birth charts. Ten of the tests—which involved 300 participants—had the astrologers pick the correct chart interpretation out of a number of others that were not the astrologically correct chart interpretation (usually three to five others). When date and other obvious clues were removed, no significant results suggested there was any preferred chart.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey-133">[132]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:190</sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lack_of_mechanisms_and_consistency">Lack of mechanisms and consistency</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Lack of mechanisms and consistency">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Testing the validity of astrology can be difficult, because there is no consensus amongst astrologers as to what astrology is or what it can predict.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup> Most professional astrologers are paid to predict the future or describe a person's personality and life, but most horoscopes only make vague untestable statements that can apply to almost anyone.<sup id="cite_ref-Cosmic_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosmic-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eysenck1982_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eysenck1982-116">[116]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup></p>
<p>Many astrologers claim that astrology is scientific,<sup id="cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-134">[133]</a></sup> while some have proposed conventional <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causal agents</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-134">[133]</a></sup> Scientists reject these mechanisms as implausible<sup id="cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChrisFrench-134">[133]</a></sup> since, for example, the magnetic field, when measured from earth, of a large but distant planet such as Jupiter is far smaller than that produced by ordinary household appliances.<sup id="cite_ref-Shermer_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shermer-135">[134]</a></sup></p>
<p>Western astrology has taken the earth's <a href="/wiki/Precession#Axial_precession_.28precession_of_the_equinoxes.29" title="Precession">axial precession (also called precession of the equinoxes)</a> into account since Ptolemy's <i><a href="/wiki/Almagest" title="Almagest">Almagest</a></i>, so the 'first point of Aries', the start of the astrological year, continually moves against the background of the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a></sup> The tropical zodiac has no connection to the stars, and as long as no claims are made that the constellations themselves are in the associated <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">sign</a>, astrologers avoid the concept that precession seemingly moves the constellations.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpak_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpak-137">[136]</a></sup> Charpak and Broch, noting this, referred to astrology based on the tropical zodiac as being "...empty boxes that have nothing to do with anything and are devoid of any consistency or correspondence with the stars."<sup id="cite_ref-Charpak_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpak-137">[136]</a></sup> Sole use of the tropical zodiac is inconsistent with references made, by the same astrologers, to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Aquarius" title="Age of Aquarius">Age of Aquarius</a>, which depends on when the vernal point enters the constellation of Aquarius.<sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-11">[11]</a></sup></p>
<p>Astrologers usually have only a small knowledge of astronomy, and often do not take into account basic principles—such as the precession of the equinoxes, which changes the position of the sun with time. They commented on the example of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lizabeth_Teissier" title="Élizabeth Teissier">Élizabeth Teissier</a>, who claimed that, "The sun ends up in the same place in the sky on the same date each year," as the basis for claims that two people with the same birthday, but a number of years apart, should be under the same planetary influence. Charpak and Broch noted that, "There is a difference of about twenty-two thousand miles between Earth's location on any specific date in two successive years," and that thus they should not be under the same influence according to astrology. Over a 40 years period there would be a difference greater than 780,000 miles.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpak_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpak-137">[136]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Cultural impact">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Western_politics_and_society">Western politics and society</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Western politics and society">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In the West, political leaders have sometimes consulted astrologers. <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Wohl" title="Louis de Wohl">Louis de Wohl</a> worked as an astrologer for the British intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a>, after claims surfaced that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> used astrology to time his actions. The War Office was "...interested to know what Hitler's own astrologers would be telling him from week to week."<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></sup> In fact, de Wohl's predictions were so inaccurate that he was soon labelled a "complete charlatan," and later evidence showed that Hitler considered astrology "complete nonsense."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/John_Hinckley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hinckley">John Hinckley's</a> <a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">attempted assassination</a> of US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, first lady <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> commissioned astrologer <a href="/wiki/Joan_Quigley" title="Joan Quigley">Joan Quigley</a> to act as the secret White House astrologer. However, Quigley's role ended in 1988 when it became public through the memoirs of former chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Donald Regan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></sup></p>
<p>There was a boom in interest in astrology in the late 1960s. The sociologist <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Truzzi" title="Marcello Truzzi">Marcello Truzzi</a> described three levels of involvement of "Astrology-believers" to account for its revived popularity in the face of scientific discrediting. He found that most astrology-believers did not claim it was a scientific explanation with predictive power. Instead, those superficially involved, knowing "next to nothing" about astrology's 'mechanics', read newspaper astrology columns, and could benefit from "tension-management of anxieties" and "a cognitive belief-system that transcends science."<sup id="cite_ref-Truzzi_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truzzi-141">[140]</a></sup> Those at the second level usually had their horoscopes cast and sought advice and predictions. They were much younger than those at the first level, and could benefit from knowledge of the language of astrology and the resulting ability to belong to a coherent and exclusive group. Those at the third level were highly involved and usually cast horoscopes for themselves. Astrology provided this small minority of astrology-believers with a "<i>meaningful</i> view of their universe and [gave] them an <i>understanding</i> of their place in it."<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[b]</a></sup> This third group took astrology seriously, possibly as a <i>sacred canopy</i>, whereas the other two groups took it playfully and irreverently.<sup id="cite_ref-Truzzi_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truzzi-141">[140]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 1953, sociologist <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a> conducted a study of the astrology column of a Los Angeles newspaper as part of a project examining mass culture in capitalist society.<sup id="cite_ref-Nederman_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nederman-143">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:326</sup> Adorno believed that popular astrology, as a device, invariably leads to statements that encouraged conformity—and that astrologers who go against conformity, by discouraging performance at work etc., risk losing their jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-Nederman_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nederman-143">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:327</sup> Adorno concluded that astrology was a large-scale manifestation of systematic <a href="/wiki/Irrationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrationalism">irrationalism</a>, where individuals are subtly led—through flattery and vague generalisations—to believe that the author of the column is addressing them directly.<sup id="cite_ref-Adorno_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adorno-144">[142]</a></sup> Adorno drew a parallel with the phrase <a href="/wiki/Opium_of_the_people" title="Opium of the people">opium of the people</a>, by Karl Marx, by commenting, "occultism is the metaphysic of the dopes."<sup id="cite_ref-Nederman_143-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nederman-143">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:329</sup></p>
<p>A 2005 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll and a 2009 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> reported that 25% of US adults believe in astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a></sup> According to data released in the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation's</a> 2014 <i>Science and Engineering Indicators</i> study, "Fewer Americans rejected astrology in 2012 than in recent years."<sup id="cite_ref-NSF_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-147">[145]</a></sup> The NSF study noted that in 2012, "slightly more than half of Americans said that astrology was 'not at all scientific,' whereas nearly two-thirds gave this response in 2010. The comparable percentage has not been this low since 1983."<sup id="cite_ref-NSF_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-147">[145]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="India_and_Japan">India and Japan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: India and Japan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/220px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/330px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg/440px-Bdrates_of_Japan_since_1950.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a>
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Birth (in blue) and death (in red) rates of Japan since 1950, with the sudden drop in births during hinoeuma year (1966)</div>
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<p>In India, there is a long-established and widespread belief in astrology. It is commonly used for daily life, particularly in matters concerning marriage and career, and makes extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">electional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">horary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">karmic astrology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wideind_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wideind-148">[146]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fof_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fof-149">[147]</a></sup> Indian politics have also been influenced by astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a></sup> It is still considered a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a></sup> In 2001, Indian scientists and politicians debated and critiqued a proposal to use state money to fund research into astrology,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_India_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_India-153">[151]</a></sup> resulting in permission for <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Indian universities</a> to offer courses in Vedic astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-UGC_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGC-154">[152]</a></sup></p>
<p>On February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it dismissed a case that challenged its status as a science.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a></sup></p>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, strong belief in astrology has led to dramatic changes in the fertility rate and the number of abortions in the years of <i>Fire Horse</i>. Adherents believe that women born in <i>hinoeuma</i> years are unmarriageable and bring bad luck to their father or husband. In 1966, the number of babies born in Japan dropped by over 25% as parents tried to avoid the stigma of having a daughter born in the hinoeuma year.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Literature_and_music">Literature and music</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Literature and music">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg/170px-Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg" width="170" height="273" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg/255px-Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Woman_in_the_Moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="456" /></a>
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Title page of <a href="/wiki/John_Lyly" title="John Lyly">John Lyly's</a> astrological play, <i>The Woman in the Moon</i>, 1597</div>
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<p>The fourteenth-century English poets <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> both referred to astrology in their works, including Gower's <i><a href="/wiki/Confessio_Amantis" title="Confessio Amantis">Confessio Amantis</a></i> and Chaucer's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedel_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedel-158">[156]</a></sup> Chaucer commented explicitly on astrology in his <i>Treatise on the Astrolabe</i>, demonstrating personal knowledge of one area, judicial astrology, with an account of how to find the ascendant or rising sign.<sup id="cite_ref-WoodAstrolabe_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoodAstrolabe-159">[157]</a></sup></p>
<p>In the fifteenth century, references to astrology, such as with <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">similes</a>, became "a matter of course" in English literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedel_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedel-158">[156]</a></sup></p>
<p>In the sixteenth century, John Lyly's 1597 play, <i>The Woman in the Moon</i>, is wholly motivated by astrology,<sup id="cite_ref-DeLacy_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-160">[158]</a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> makes astrological references in his plays <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(play)" title="Doctor Faustus (play)">Doctor Faustus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tamburlaine" title="Tamburlaine">Tamburlaine</a></i> (both c. 1590),<sup id="cite_ref-DeLacy_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-160">[158]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Philip_Sidney" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Philip Sidney">Sir Philip Sidney</a> refers to astrology at least four times in his <a href="/wiki/Romance_(heroic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (heroic literature)">romance</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Countess_of_Pembroke%27s_Arcadia" title="The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia">The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia</a></i> (c. 1580).<sup id="cite_ref-DeLacy_160-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-160">[158]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> uses astrology both decoratively and causally in his poetry, revealing "...unmistakably an abiding interest in the art, an interest shared by a large number of his contemporaries."<sup id="cite_ref-DeLacy_160-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeLacy-160">[158]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman's</a> play, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conspiracy_and_Tragedy_of_Charles,_Duke_of_Byron" title="The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron">Byron's Conspiracy</a></i> (1608), similarly uses astrology as a causal mechanism in the drama.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare's</a> attitude towards astrology is unclear, with contradictory references in plays including <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup> Shakespeare was familiar with astrology and made use of his knowledge of astrology in nearly every play he wrote,<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup> assuming a basic familiarity with the subject in his commercial audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup> Outside theatre, the physician and mystic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd</a> practised astrology, as did the quack doctor Simon Forman.<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup> In Elizabethan England, "The usual feeling about astrology&#160;... [was] that it is the most useful of the sciences."<sup id="cite_ref-Camden_161-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camden-161">[159]</a></sup></p>
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Title page of <a href="/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" class="mw-redirect" title="Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca's</a> <i>Astrologo Fingido</i>, Madrid, 1641</div>
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<p>In seventeenth century Spain, <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, with a detailed knowledge of astronomy, wrote plays that ridicule astrology. In his pastoral romance <i>La Arcadia</i> (1598), it leads to absurdity; in his novela <i>Guzman el Bravo</i> (1624), he concludes that the stars were made for man, not man for the stars.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" class="mw-redirect" title="Calderón de la Barca">Calderón de la Barca</a> wrote the 1641 comedy <i>Astrologo Fingido</i> (The Pretended Astrologer); the plot was borrowed by the French playwright <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corneille" title="Thomas Corneille">Thomas Corneille</a> for his 1651 comedy <i>Feint Astrologue</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a></sup></p>
<p>The most famous piece of music influenced by astrology is the orchestral suite <i><a href="/wiki/The_Planets" title="The Planets">The Planets</a></i>. Written by the British composer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Gustav Holst</a> (1874–1934), and first performed in 1918, the framework of <i>The Planets</i> is based upon the astrological symbolism of the planets.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a></sup> Each of the seven movements of the suite is based upon a different planet, though the movements are not in the order of the planets from the Sun. The composer <a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthews" title="Colin Matthews">Colin Matthews</a> wrote an eighth movement entitled <i>Pluto, the Renewer</i>, first performed in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a></sup> In 1937, another British composer, <a href="/wiki/Constant_Lambert" title="Constant Lambert">Constant Lambert</a>, wrote a ballet on astrological themes, called <i><a href="/wiki/Horoscope_(ballet)" title="Horoscope (ballet)">Horoscope</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a></sup> In 1974, the New Zealand composer <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Carr_(composer)" title="Edwin Carr (composer)">Edwin Carr</a> wrote <i>The Twelve Signs: An Astrological Entertainment</i> for orchestra without strings.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a> acknowledges astrology as an influence on her work of literary criticism <i><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Personae" title="Sexual Personae">Sexual Personae</a></i> (1990).<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a></sup></p>
<p>Astrology features strongly in <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Eleanor Catton's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Luminaries" title="The Luminaries">The Luminaries</a></i>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Man_Booker_Prize" title="2013 Man Booker Prize">2013 Man Booker Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barnum_effect" title="Barnum effect">Barnum effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">List of astrological traditions, types, and systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a href="/wiki/Heuristics_in_judgement_and_decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Heuristics in judgement and decision making">Heuristics in judgement and decision making</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Italics in original.</span></li>
</ol>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/astrology">"astrology"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=astrology&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+English&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fastrology&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrology">"astrology"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=astrology&amp;rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fastrology&amp;rft.pub=Merriam-Webster+Inc.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/astrology">"Wordnik, astrology"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Wordnik%2C+astrology&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordnik.com%2Fwords%2Fastrology&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bunnin, Nicholas; Yu, Jiyuan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LdbxabeToQYC&amp;pg=PA57&amp;dq=dictionary+philosophy+astrology&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj169fYwtbJAhVP_mMKHSJqAbQQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&amp;q=dictionary%20philosophy%20astrology&amp;f=false"><i>The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy</i></a>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.&#160;57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft.aulast=Bunnin&amp;rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiyuan&amp;rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Western+Philosophy&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLdbxabeToQYC%26pg%3DPA57%26dq%3Ddictionary%2Bphilosophy%2Bastrology%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj169fYwtbJAhVP_mMKHSJqAbQQ6AEILzAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Ddictionary%2520philosophy%2520astrology%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft.pages=57&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch-Westenholz_1995_Foreword.2C_11_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Koch-Westenholz, Ulla (1995). <i>Mesopotamian astrology: an introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian celestial divination</i>. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. pp.&#160;Foreword, 11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-287-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-287-0">978-87-7289-287-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Ulla&amp;rft.aulast=Koch-Westenholz&amp;rft.btitle=Mesopotamian+astrology%3A+an+introduction+to+Babylonian+and+Assyrian+celestial+divination&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-87-7289-287-0&amp;rft.pages=Foreword%2C+11&amp;rft.place=Copenhagen&amp;rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Cosmic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosmic_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jeffrey Bennett; Megan Donohue; Nicholas Schneider; Mark Voit (2007). <i>The cosmic perspective</i> (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Addison-Wesley. pp.&#160;82–84. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8053-9283-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8053-9283-1">0-8053-9283-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Jeffrey+Bennett&amp;rft.au=Mark+Voit&amp;rft.au=Megan+Donohue&amp;rft.au=Nicholas+Schneider&amp;rft.btitle=The+cosmic+perspective&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.edition=4th&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8053-9283-1&amp;rft.pages=82-84&amp;rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&amp;rft.pub=Pearson%2FAddison-Wesley&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Kassell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kassell_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kassell_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kassell, Lauren (5 May 2010). "Stars, spirits, signs: towards a history of astrology 1100–1800". <i>Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences</i> <b>41</b> (2): 67–69. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2010.04.001">10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.04.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Stars%2C+spirits%2C+signs%3A+towards+a+history+of+astrology+1100%931800&amp;rft.aufirst=Lauren&amp;rft.aulast=Kassell&amp;rft.date=2010-05-05&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.shpsc.2010.04.001&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+Part+C%3A+Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Biological+and+Biomedical+Sciences&amp;rft.pages=67-69&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=41" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Vishveshwara-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vishveshwara_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vishveshwara_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vishveshwara, edited by S.K. Biswas, D.C.V. Mallik, C.V. (1989). <i>Cosmic Perspectives: Essays Dedicated to the Memory of M.K.V. Bappu</i> (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34354-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34354-2">0-521-34354-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=edited+by+S.K.+Biswas%2C+D.C.V.+Mallik%2C+C.V.&amp;rft.aulast=Vishveshwara&amp;rft.btitle=Cosmic+Perspectives%3A+Essays+Dedicated+to+the+Memory+of+M.K.V.+Bappu&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.edition=1.+publ.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-34354-2&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-AsquithNSF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AsquithNSF_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AsquithNSF_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peter D. Asquith, ed. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/bnccde/PH29A/thagard.html"><i>Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, vol. 1</i></a>. Dordrecht u.a.: Reidel u.a. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-917586-05-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-917586-05-7">978-0-917586-05-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Biennial+Meeting+of+the+Philosophy+of+Science+Association%2C+vol.+1&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cavehill.uwi.edu%2Fbnccde%2FPH29A%2Fthagard.html&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-917586-05-7&amp;rft.place=Dordrecht+u.a.&amp;rft.pub=Reidel+u.a.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/c7/c7s2.htm#c7s2l3">"Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding"</a>. <i>science and engineering indicators 2006</i>. National Science Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2012</span>. <q>About three-fourths of Americans hold at least one pseudoscientific belief; i.e., they believed in at least 1 of the 10 survey items[29]"...&#160;" Those 10 items were extrasensory perception (ESP), that houses can be haunted, ghosts/that spirits of dead people can come back in certain places/situations, telepathy/communication between minds without using traditional senses, clairvoyance/the power of the mind to know the past and predict the future, astrology/that the position of the stars and planets can affect people's lives, that people can communicate mentally with someone who has died, witches, reincarnation/the rebirth of the soul in a new body after death, and channeling/allowing a "spirit-being" to temporarily assume control of a body.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Science+and+Technology%3A+Public+Attitudes+and+Understanding&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fseind06%2Fc7%2Fc7s2.htm%23c7s2l3&amp;rft.jtitle=science+and+engineering+indicators+2006&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Carlson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Carlson, Shawn (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muller.lbl.gov/papers/Astrology-Carlson.pdf">"A double-blind test of astrology"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i> <b>318</b> (6045): 419–425. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Natur.318..419C">1985Natur.318..419C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F318419a0">10.1038/318419a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=A+double-blind+test+of+astrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Shawn&amp;rft.aulast=Carlson&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuller.lbl.gov%2Fpapers%2FAstrology-Carlson.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985Natur.318..419C&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F318419a0&amp;rft.issue=6045&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.pages=419-425&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=318" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Zarka-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zarka, Philippe (2011). "Astronomy and astrology". <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i> <b>5</b> (S260): 420–425. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921311002602">10.1017/S1743921311002602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astronomy+and+astrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Philippe&amp;rft.aulast=Zarka&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921311002602&amp;rft.issue=S260&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Astronomical+Union&amp;rft.pages=420-425&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=5" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Brit-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">David E. Pingree; Robert Andrew Gilbert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39971/astrology/35979/Astrology-in-modern-times">"Astrology - Astrology in modern times"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=David+E.+Pingree&amp;rft.au=Robert+Andrew+Gilbert&amp;rft.btitle=Astrology+-+Astrology+in+modern+times&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F39971%2Fastrology%2F35979%2FAstrology-in-modern-times&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Thagard-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thagard, Paul R. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/teoreettinenfilosofia/oppimateriaali/Sintonen/Paul_R._Thagard_-_Why_Astrology_Is_A_Pseudoscience.pdf">"Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association</i> (The University of Chicago Press) <b>1</b>: 223–234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Astrology+is+a+Pseudoscience&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&amp;rft.aulast=Thagard&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fteoreettinenfilosofia%2Foppimateriaali%2FSintonen%2FPaul_R._Thagard_-_Why_Astrology_Is_A_Pseudoscience.pdf&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Biennial+Meeting+of+the+Philosophy+of+Science+Association&amp;rft.pages=223-234&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39971/astrology"><i>Astrology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Astrology&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F39971%2Fastrology&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sven Ove Hansson; Edward N. Zalta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/">"Science and Pseudo-Science"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Edward+N.+Zalta&amp;rft.au=Sven+Ove+Hansson&amp;rft.btitle=Science+and+Pseudo-Science&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpseudo-science%2F&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-astrosociety.org-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-astrosociety.org_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-astrosociety.org_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html">"Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List"</a>. Astronomical Society of the Pacific.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Astronomical+Pseudo-Science%3A+A+Skeptic%27s+Resource+List&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fpseudobib.html&amp;rft.pub=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Hartmann-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmann_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmann_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hartmann, P.; Reuter, M.; Nyborga, H. (May 2006). "The relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence: A large-scale study". <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i> <b>40</b> (7): 1349–1362. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017">10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.017</a>. <q>To optimise the chances of finding even remote relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence we further applied two different strategies. The first one was based on the common chronological concept of time (e.g. month of birth and season of birth). The second strategy was based on the (pseudo-scientific) concept of astrology (e.g. Sun Signs, The Elements, and astrological gender), as discussed in the book <i>Astrology: Science or superstition?</i> by Eysenck and Nias (1982).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+date+of+birth+and+individual+differences+in+personality+and+general+intelligence%3A+A+large-scale+study&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft.aulast=Hartmann&amp;rft.au=Nyborga%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Reuter%2C+M.&amp;rft.date=2006-05&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&amp;rft.pages=1349-1362&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=40" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harper" title="Douglas Harper">Harper, Douglas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=astrology">"astrology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>Differentiation between astrology and astronomy began late 1400s and by 17c. this word was limited to "reading influences of the stars and their effects on human destiny."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=astrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas&amp;rft.aulast=Harper&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dastrology&amp;rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/12267">"astrology, n."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. September 2011. <q>In Old French and Middle English astronomie seems to be the earlier and general word, astrologie having been subseq. introduced for the 'art' or practical application of astronomy to mundane affairs, and thus gradually limited by 17th cent. to the reputed influences of the stars, unknown to science. Not in Shakespeare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=astrology%2C+n.&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.date=2011-09&amp;rft.edition=Second&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fviewdictionaryentry%2FEntry%2F12267&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Campion, Nicholas (2009). <i>History of western astrology. Volume II, The medieval and modern worlds.</i> (first ed.). Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9">978-1-4411-8129-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft.aulast=Campion&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+western+astrology.+Volume+II%2C+The+medieval+and+modern+worlds.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.edition=first&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8129-9&amp;rft.pub=Continuum&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Marshack-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshack_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshack_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marshack, Alexander (1991). <i>The roots of civilization&#160;: the cognitive beginnings of man's first art, symbol and notation</i> (Rev. and expanded ed.). Moyer Bell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55921-041-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55921-041-6">978-1-55921-041-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.aulast=Marshack&amp;rft.btitle=The+roots+of+civilization+%3A+the+cognitive+beginnings+of+man%27s+first+art%2C+symbol+and+notation&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.edition=Rev.+and+expanded&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55921-041-6&amp;rft.pub=Moyer+Bell&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Evelyn-White, Hesiod&#160;; with an English translation by Hugh G. (1977). <i>The Homeric hymns and Homerica</i> (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp.&#160;663–677. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99063-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99063-0">978-0-674-99063-0</a>. <q>Fifty days after the solstice, when the season of wearisome heat is come to an end, is the right time to go sailing. Then you will not wreck your ship, nor will the sea destroy the sailors, unless Poseidon the Earth-Shaker be set upon it, or Zeus, the king of the deathless gods</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Hesiod+%3B+with+an+English+translation+by+Hugh+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Evelyn-White&amp;rft.btitle=The+Homeric+hymns+and+Homerica&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.edition=Reprinted&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-99063-0&amp;rft.pages=663-677&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aveni, David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone (2005). <i>Exploring ancient skies an encyclopedic survey of archaeoastronomy</i> (Online ed.). New York: Springer. p.&#160;268. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-95310-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-95310-6">978-0-387-95310-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=David+H.+Kelley%2C+Eugene+F.+Milone&amp;rft.aulast=Aveni&amp;rft.btitle=Exploring+ancient+skies+an+encyclopedic+survey+of+archaeoastronomy&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=Online&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-387-95310-6&amp;rft.pages=268&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell Hobson, <i>THE EXACT TRANSMISSION OF TEXTS IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C.E.</i>, Published PhD Thesis. Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies. University of Sydney. 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/5404/1/r-hobson-2009-thesis.pdf">PDF File</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From scroll A of the ruler Gudea of Lagash, I 17 – VI 13. O. Kaiser, <i>Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments</i>, Bd. 2, 1–3. Gütersloh, 1986–1991. Also quoted in A. Falkenstein, 'Wahrsagung in der sumerischen Überlieferung', <i>La divination en Mésopotamie ancienne et dans les régions voisines</i>. Paris, 1966.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Rochberg-Halton-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rochberg-Halton_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rochberg-Halton, F. (1988). "Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i> <b>108</b> (1): 51–62. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F603245">10.2307/603245</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/603245">603245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Elements+of+the+Babylonian+Contribution+to+Hellenistic+Astrology&amp;rft.au=Rochberg-Halton%2C+F.&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603245&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F603245&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&amp;rft.pages=51-62&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=108" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Kistemaker-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kistemaker_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kistemaker_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kistemaker, Jacob, Sun, Xiaochun (1997). <i>The Chinese sky during the Han: constellating stars and society</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10737-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10737-3">978-90-04-10737-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Sun%2C+Xiaochun&amp;rft.aulast=Kistemaker%2C+Jacob&amp;rft.btitle=The+Chinese+sky+during+the+Han%3A+constellating+stars+and+society&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-10737-3&amp;rft.place=Leiden&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. p. 173.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. pp.&#160;173–174.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. p. 177.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. p. 174.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. p. 184.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, 2005. p. 186.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hughes, Richard (2004). <i>Lament, Death, and Destiny</i>. Peter Lang. p.&#160;87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Hughes%2C+Richard&amp;rft.btitle=Lament%2C+Death%2C+and+Destiny&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=87&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p. 24.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holden, 1996. pp.&#160;11–13.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p. 20.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robbins, 1940. 'Introduction' p. xii.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 2008. p. 173.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 2008. p. 84.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 2008. pp.&#160;173–174.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-B32-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B32_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B32_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p. 32.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p.&#160;32–33.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion227-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campion227_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 2008. pp.&#160;227–228.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 1983. p. 16.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a>, Satire 6: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/juvenal_satires_06.htm">The Ways of Women</a></i> (translated by G. G. Ramsay, 1918, retrieved 5 July 2012).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p. 43.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barton, 1994. p. 63.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">David Pingree</a>, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Jyotiḥś?stra</span></i> (J. Gonda (Ed.) <i>A History of Indian Literature</i>, Vol VI Fasc 4), p.81</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ayduz, Salim; Kalin, Ibrahim; Dagli, Caner (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA515&amp;dq=philosophy+astrology+university&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi44fOIxdbJAhWEOCYKHfV7ABA4ChDoAQhXMAg#v=onepage&amp;q=astrology&amp;f=false"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p.&#160;64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Dagli%2C+Caner&amp;rft.aufirst=Salim&amp;rft.au=Kalin%2C+Ibrahim&amp;rft.aulast=Ayduz&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%2C+Science%2C+and+Technology+in+Islam&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dor-6BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA515%26dq%3Dphilosophy%2Bastrology%2Buniversity%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi44fOIxdbJAhWEOCYKHfV7ABA4ChDoAQhXMAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dastrology%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft.pages=64&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Biruni-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biruni_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1879). "VIII". <i>The chronology of ancient nations</i>. London, Pub. for the Oriental translations fund of Great Britain &amp; Ireland by W. H. Allen and co. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/01006783">01006783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=VIII&amp;rft.au=B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad&amp;rft.btitle=The+chronology+of+ancient+nations&amp;rft.date=1879&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F01006783&amp;rft.pub=London%2C+Pub.+for+the+Oriental+translations+fund+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland+by+W.+H.+Allen+and+co.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Houlding, Deborah (2010). "6: Historical sources and traditional approaches". <i>Essays on the History of Western Astrology</i>. STA. pp.&#160;2–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=6%3A+Historical+sources+and+traditional+approaches&amp;rft.au=Houlding%2C+Deborah&amp;rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+History+of+Western+Astrology&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=2-7&amp;rft.pub=STA&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion44-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion44_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion44_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 1982. p. 44.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion45-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campion45_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 1982. p. 45.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion46-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion46_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion46_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 1982. p. 46.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">North, John David (1986). "The eastern origins of the Campanus (Prime Vertical) method. Evidence from al-Bīrūnī". <i>Horoscopes and history</i>. Warburg Institute. pp.&#160;175–176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+eastern+origins+of+the+Campanus+%28Prime+Vertical%29+method.+Evidence+from+al-B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB&amp;rft.au=North%2C+John+David&amp;rft.btitle=Horoscopes+and+history&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=175-176&amp;rft.pub=Warburg+Institute&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Durling-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durling_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durling_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Durling, Robert M. (January 1997). "Dante's Christian Astrology. by Richard Kay. Review". <i>Speculum</i> <b>72</b> (1): 185–187. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2865916">10.2307/2865916</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2865916">2865916</a>. <q>Dante's interest in astrology has only slowly been gaining the attention it deserves. In 1940 Rudolf Palgen published his pioneering eighty-page Dantes Sternglaube: Beiträge zur Erklärung des Paradiso, which concisely surveyed Dante's treatment of the planets and of the sphere of fixed stars; he demonstrated that it is governed by the astrological concept of the "children of the planets" (in each sphere the pilgrim meets souls whose lives reflected the dominant influence of that planet) and that in countless details the imagery of the Paradiso is derived from the astrological tradition.&#160;... Like Palgen, he [Kay] argues (again, in more detail) that Dante adapted traditional astrological views to his own Christian ones; he finds this process intensified in the upper heavens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Dante%27s+Christian+Astrology.+by+Richard+Kay.+Review&amp;rft.au=Durling%2C+Robert+M.&amp;rft.date=1997-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2865916&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2865916&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Speculum&amp;rft.pages=185-187&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=72" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Woody, Kennerly M. (1977). "Dante and the Doctrine of the Great Conjunctions". <i>Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society</i> <b>95</b>: 119–134. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40166243">40166243</a>. <q>It can hardly be doubted, I think, that Dante was thinking in astrological terms when he made his prophecies. [The attached footnote cites Inferno. I, lOOff.; Purgatorio. xx, 13-15 and xxxiii, 41; Paradiso. xxii, 13-15 and xxvii, 142-148.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Dante+and+the+Doctrine+of+the+Great+Conjunctions&amp;rft.au=Woody%2C+Kennerly+M.&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40166243&amp;rft.jtitle=Dante+Studies%2C+with+the+Annual+Report+of+the+Dante+Society&amp;rft.pages=119-134&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=95" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Wood5-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood5_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood5_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, 1970. p. 5</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Isidore-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isidore_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Isidore of Seville (c. 600). <i>Etymologiae</i>. pp.&#160;L, 82, col. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Isidore+of+Seville&amp;rft.btitle=Etymologiae&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=L%2C+82%2C+col.+170&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gower, John (1390). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=3197718&amp;pageno=9"><i>Confessio Amantis</i></a>. pp.&#160;VII, 670–84. <q>Assembled with Astronomie / Is ek that ilke Astrologie / The which in juggementz acompteth / Theffect, what every sterre amonteth, / And hou thei causen many a wonder / To tho climatz that stonde hem under.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Gower%2C+John&amp;rft.btitle=Confessio+Amantis&amp;rft.date=1390&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcatalog%2Fworld%2Freadfile%3Ffk_files%3D3197718%26pageno%3D9&amp;rft.pages=VII%2C+670-84&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Wood6-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wood6_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, 1970. p. 6</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Allen148-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen148_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Allen, Don Cameron (1941). <i>Star-crossed Renaissance</i>. Duke University Press. p.&#160;148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Allen%2C+Don+Cameron&amp;rft.btitle=Star-crossed+Renaissance&amp;rft.date=1941&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=148&amp;rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Wood8-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood8_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood8_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, 1970. pp. 8–11</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Coopland-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coopland_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coopland, G. W. (1952). <i>Nicole Oresme and the Astrologers: A Study of his Livre de Divinacions</i>. Harvard University Press; Liverpool University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Coopland%2C+G.+W.&amp;rft.btitle=Nicole+Oresme+and+the+Astrologers%3A+A+Study+of+his+Livre+de+Divinacions&amp;rft.date=1952&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+Liverpool+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vanderjagt, A.J. (1985). <i>Laurens Pignon, O.P.: Confessor of Philip the Good</i>. Venlo, The Netherlands: Jean Mielot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Vanderjagt%2C+A.J.&amp;rft.btitle=Laurens+Pignon%2C+O.P.%3A+Confessor+of+Philip+the+Good&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Venlo%2C+The+Netherlands&amp;rft.pub=Jean+Mielot&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veenstra, 1997. pp. 5, 32, passim</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veenstra, 1997. p. 184</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion47-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campion47_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, 1982. p. 47.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rabin, Sheila J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Pico+and+the+historiography+of+Renaissance+astrology.-a0251858267">"Pico and the historiography of Renaissance astrology"</a>. <i>Explorations in Renaissance Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Pico+and+the+historiography+of+Renaissance+astrology&amp;rft.au=Rabin%2C+Sheila+J.&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FPico%2Band%2Bthe%2Bhistoriography%2Bof%2BRenaissance%2Bastrology.-a0251858267&amp;rft.jtitle=Explorations+in+Renaissance+Culture&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Harkness105-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harkness105_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harkness, Deborah E. (2007). <i>The Jewel House. Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution</i>. Yale University Press. p.&#160;105. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4">978-0-300-14316-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Harkness%2C+Deborah+E.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Jewel+House.+Elizabethan+London+and+the+Scientific+Revolution&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-14316-4&amp;rft.pages=105&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Harkness133-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harkness133_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harkness133_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harkness, Deborah E. (2007). <i>The Jewel House. Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution</i>. Yale University Press. p.&#160;133. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14316-4">978-0-300-14316-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Harkness%2C+Deborah+E.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Jewel+House.+Elizabethan+London+and+the+Scientific+Revolution&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-14316-4&amp;rft.pages=133&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual"><i>Astronomical diagrams by Thomas Hood, Mathematician</i> (Vellum, in oaken cases). British Library (Add. MSS. 71494, 71495): British Library. c. 1597.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Astronomical+diagrams+by+Thomas+Hood%2C+Mathematician&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=British+Library+%28Add.+MSS.+71494%2C+71495%29&amp;rft.pub=British+Library&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Johnston, Stephen (July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/staff/saj/hood-astrology">"The astrological instruments of Thomas Hood"</a>. <i>XVII International Scientific Instrument Symposium</i>. Soro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+astrological+instruments+of+Thomas+Hood&amp;rft.au=Johnston%2C+Stephen&amp;rft.btitle=XVII+International+Scientific+Instrument+Symposium&amp;rft.date=1998-07&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ox.ac.uk%2Fstaff%2Fsaj%2Fhood-astrology&amp;rft.place=Soro&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vanden Broeke, Steven (2001). "Dee, Mercator, and Louvain Instrument Making: An Undescribed Astrological Disc by Gerard Mercator (1551)". <i>Annals of Science</i> <b>58</b>: 219–240. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F00033790016703">10.1080/00033790016703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Dee%2C+Mercator%2C+and+Louvain+Instrument+Making%3A+An+Undescribed+Astrological+Disc+by+Gerard+Mercator+%281551%29&amp;rft.au=Vanden+Broeke%2C+Steven&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033790016703&amp;rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&amp;rft.pages=219-240&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=58" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cummins A (2012) The Starry Rubric: Seventeenth-Century English Astrology and Magic, p. 3. France:Hadean Press</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cummins A (2012) The Starry Rubric: Seventeenth-Century English Astrology and Magic, p. 43–45. France:Hadean Press</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Porter-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Porter, Roy (2001). <i>Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World</i>. Penguin. pp.&#160;151–152. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-025028-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-025028-X">0-14-025028-X</a>. <q>he did not even trouble readers with formal disproofs!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Porter%2C+Roy&amp;rft.btitle=Enlightenment%3A+Britain+and+the+Creation+of+the+Modern+World&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-14-025028-X&amp;rft.pages=151-152&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Campion-2009-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion-2009_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Campion, Nicholas (2009). <i>History of western astrology. Volume II, The medieval and modern worlds.</i> (first ed.). London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8129-9">978-1-4411-8129-9</a>. <q>At the same time, in Switzerland, the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) was developing sophisticated theories concerning astrology&#160;...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft.aulast=Campion&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+western+astrology.+Volume+II%2C+The+medieval+and+modern+worlds.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.edition=first&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8129-9&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Continuum&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jung, C.G.; Hull. Adler, Gerhard, ed. <i>C.G. Jung Letters: 1906–1950</i>. in collaboration with Aniela Jaffé; translations from the German by R.F.C. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09895-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-09895-1">978-0-691-09895-1</a>. <q>Letter from Jung to Freud, 12 June 1911 "I made horoscopic calculations in order to find a clue to the core of psychological truth."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Hull&amp;rft.au=Jung%2C+C.G.&amp;rft.btitle=C.G.+Jung+Letters%3A+1906%931950.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-09895-1&amp;rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gieser, Suzanne. <i>The Innermost Kernel, Depth Psychology and Quantum Physics. Wolfgang Pauli's Dialogue with C.G.Jung</i>, (Springer, Berlin, 2005) p. 21 <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3540208569" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-540-20856-9</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, Nicholas. "<i>Prophecy, Cosmology and the New Age Movement. The Extent and Nature of Contemporary Belief in Astrology.</i>"(Bath Spa University College, 2003) via Campion, Nicholas, <i>History of Western Astrology</i>, (Continuum Books, London &amp; New York, 2009) pp. 248, 256, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847252241" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84725-224-1</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica,' v.5, 1974, p. 916</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietrich, Thomas: 'The Origin of Culture and Civilization, <i>Phenix &amp; Phenix Literary Publicists, 2005, p. 305</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Philip P. Wiener, ed. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;brand=default;"><i>Dictionary of the history of ideas</i></a>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-13293-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-13293-1">0-684-13293-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+history+of+ideas&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxtf.lib.virginia.edu%2Fxtf%2Fview%3FdocId%3DDicHist%2FuvaBook%2Ftei%2FDicHist1.xml%3Bbrand%3Ddefault%3B&amp;rft.isbn=0-684-13293-1&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Scribner&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Lewis, 2003. <i>The Astrology Book: the Encyclopedia of Heavenly Influences</i>. Visible Ink Press. Online at Google Books.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hone, Margaret (1978). <i>The Modern Text-Book of Astrology</i>. Romford: L. N. Fowler. pp.&#160;21–89. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85243-357-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85243-357-3">0-85243-357-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rft.aulast=Hone&amp;rft.btitle=The+Modern+Text-Book+of+Astrology&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-85243-357-3&amp;rft.pages=21-89&amp;rft.place=Romford&amp;rft.pub=L.+N.+Fowler&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Riske, Kris (2007). <i>Llewellyn's Complete Book of Astrology</i>. Minnesota, USA: Llewellyn Publications. pp.&#160;5–6; 27. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7387-1071-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7387-1071-6">978-0-7387-1071-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Kris&amp;rft.aulast=Riske&amp;rft.btitle=Llewellyn%27s+Complete+Book+of+Astrology&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7387-1071-6&amp;rft.pages=5-6%3B+27&amp;rft.place=Minnesota%2C+USA&amp;rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Kremer-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kremer_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kremer_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kremer, Richard (1990). "Horoscopes and History. by J. D. North; A History of Western Astrology. by S. J. Tester". <i>Speculum</i> <b>65</b> (1): 206–209. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2864524">10.2307/2864524</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2864524">2864524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Horoscopes+and+History.+by+J.+D.+North%3B+A+History+of+Western+Astrology.+by+S.+J.+Tester&amp;rft.au=Kremer%2C+Richard&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2864524&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2864524&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Speculum&amp;rft.pages=206-209&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=65" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pelletier, Robert; Cataldo, Leonard (1984). <i>Be Your Own Astrologer</i>. Pan. pp.&#160;57–60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Cataldo%2C+Leonard&amp;rft.au=Pelletier%2C+Robert&amp;rft.btitle=Be+Your+Own+Astrologer&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=57-60&amp;rft.pub=Pan&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fenton, Sasha (1991). <i>Rising Signs</i>. Aquarian Press. pp.&#160;137–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Fenton%2C+Sasha&amp;rft.btitle=Rising+Signs&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=137-9&amp;rft.pub=Aquarian+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Luhrmann-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luhrmann_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luhrmann, Tanya (1991). <i>Persuasions of the witch's craft: ritual magic in contemporary England</i>. Harvard University Press. pp.&#160;147–151. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-66324-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-66324-1">0-674-66324-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Luhrmann%2C+Tanya&amp;rft.btitle=Persuasions+of+the+witch%27s+craft%3A+ritual+magic+in+contemporary+England&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-674-66324-1&amp;rft.pages=147-151&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Subbarayappa-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Subbarayappa_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Subbarayappa, B. V. (14 September 1989). "Indian astronomy: An historical perspective". In Biswas, S. K.; Mallik, D. C. V.; <a href="/wiki/C._V._Vishveshwara" title="C. V. Vishveshwara">Vishveshwara, C. V.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFTGKi8fjvoC&amp;pg=FA25"><i>Cosmic Perspectives</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;25–40. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34354-1">978-0-521-34354-1</a>. <q>In the Vedic literature Jyotis[h]a, which connotes 'astronomy' and later began to encompass astrology, was one of the most important subjects of study... The earliest Vedic astronomical text has the title, Vedanga Jyotis[h]a...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Indian+astronomy%3A+An+historical+perspective&amp;rft.aufirst=B.+V.&amp;rft.aulast=Subbarayappa&amp;rft.btitle=Cosmic+Perspectives&amp;rft.date=1989-09-14&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPFTGKi8fjvoC%26pg%3DFA25&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-34354-1&amp;rft.pages=25-40&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Pingree1978-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pingree1978_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pingree, David (18 December 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/986451">"Indian Astronomy"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. American Philosophical Society <b>122</b> (6): 361–364<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Indian+Astronomy&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Pingree&amp;rft.date=1978-12-18&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2307%2F986451&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&amp;rft.pages=361-364&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=122" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Pingree2001-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pingree2001_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pingree, David (2001). "From Alexandria to Baghd?d to Byzantium. The Transmission of Astrology". <i>International Journal of the Classical Tradition</i> <b>8</b> (1): 3–37. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02700227">10.1007/bf02700227</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30224155">30224155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=From+Alexandria+to+Baghd%C4%81d+to+Byzantium.+The+Transmission+of+Astrology&amp;rft.au=Pingree%2C+David&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30224155&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02700227&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Classical+Tradition&amp;rft.pages=3-37&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Werner, Karel (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/620756">"The Circle of Stars: An Introduction to Indian Astrology by Valerie J. Roebuck. Review"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i> <b>56</b>: 645–646. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00008326">10.1017/s0041977x00008326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Circle+of+Stars%3A+An+Introduction+to+Indian+Astrology+by+Valerie+J.+Roebuck.+Review&amp;rft.au=Werner%2C+Karel&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F620756&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00008326&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&amp;rft.pages=645-646&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=56" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Burgess, James (October 1893). "Notes on Hindu Astronomy and the History of Our Knowledge of It". <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i>: 717–761. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25197168">25197168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Notes+on+Hindu+Astronomy+and+the+History+of+Our+Knowledge+of+It&amp;rft.au=Burgess%2C+James&amp;rft.date=1893-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25197168&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&amp;rft.pages=717-761&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Pingree1963-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pingree1963_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pingree, David (June 1963). "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran". <i>Isis</i>. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society <b>54</b> (2): 229–246. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F349703">10.1086/349703</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/228540">228540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astronomy+and+Astrology+in+India+and+Iran&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Pingree&amp;rft.date=1963-06&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F228540&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F349703&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Isis&amp;rft.pages=229-246&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=54" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Richard Stephenson, "Chinese Roots of Modern Astronomy", <i>New Scientist</i>, 26 June 1980. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamost.org/~yzhao/history/xiu28.html">二??八宿的形?与演?</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodora Lau, <i>The Handbook of Chinese Horoscopes</i>, pp&#160;2–8, 30–5, 60–4, 88–94, 118–24, 148–53, 178–84, 208–13, 238–44, 270–78, 306–12, 338–44, Souvenir Press, New York, 2005</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Helaine_Selin" title="Helaine Selin">Selin, Helaine</a>, ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&amp;pg=PA76&amp;dq=astrology+in+China+Springer&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=7NILUNvWDeeq0AWD1djHCg&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA">"Astrology in China"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i>. Springer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrology+in+China&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraKRY3KQspsC%26pg%3DPA76%26dq%3Dastrology%2Bin%2BChina%2BSpringer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D7NILUNvWDeeq0AWD1djHCg%26sqi%3D2%26ved%3D0CCsQ6AEwAA&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myhora.com/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-004.aspx">"?ารเปลี่ยนวันใหม่ ?ารนับวัน ทางโหราศาสตร์ไทย ?ารเปลี่ยนปีนั?ษัตร โหราศาสตร์ ดูดวง ทำนายทายทั? ('The transition to the new astrological dates Thailand. Changing zodiac astrology horoscope prediction')"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C++%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81+%28%27The+transition+to+the+new+astrological+dates+Thailand.+Changing+zodiac+astrology+horoscope+prediction%27%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhora.com%2F%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%2F%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C-004.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> (in Thai)</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Veenstra, J.R. (1997). <i>Magic and Divination at the Courts of Burgundy and France: Text and Context of Laurens Pignon's "Contre les Devineurs" (1411)</i>. Brill. pp.&#160;184–185. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4">978-90-04-10925-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Veenstra%2C+J.R.&amp;rft.btitle=Magic+and+Divination+at+the+Courts+of+Burgundy+and+France%3A+Text+and+Context+of+Laurens+Pignon%27s+%22Contre+les+Devineurs%22+%281411%29&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-10925-4&amp;rft.pages=184-185&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Hess-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hess_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hess, Peter M.J.; Allen, Paul L. (2007). <i>Catholicism and science</i> (1st ed.). Westport: Greenwood. p.&#160;11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33190-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33190-9">978-0-313-33190-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Allen%2C+Paul+L.&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+M.J.&amp;rft.aulast=Hess&amp;rft.btitle=Catholicism+and+science&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.edition=1st&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-33190-9&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.place=Westport&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">Saliba, George</a> (1994b). <i>A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. pp.&#160;60, 67–69. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-8023-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-8023-7">0-8147-8023-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft.aulast=Saliba&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Arabic+Astronomy%3A+Planetary+Theories+During+the+Golden+Age+of+Islam&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8147-8023-7&amp;rft.pages=60%2C+67-69&amp;rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catarina Belo, Catarina Carriço Marques de Moura Belo, <i>Chance and determinism in Avicenna and Averroës</i>, p. 228. Brill, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004155872" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-04-15587-2</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">George Saliba</a>, <i>Avicenna</i>: 'viii. Mathematics and Physical Sciences'. Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition, 2011, available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-viii">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-viii</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Livingston-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livingston_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingston_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Livingston, John W. (1971). "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i> <b>91</b> (1): 96–103. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F600445">10.2307/600445</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/600445">600445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Ibn+Qayyim+al-Jawziyyah%3A+A+Fourteenth+Century+Defense+against+Astrological+Divination+and+Alchemical+Transmutation&amp;rft.aufirst=John+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Livingston&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F600445&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F600445&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&amp;rft.pages=96-103&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=91" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">editor, Peter M.J. Stravinskas, (1998). <i>Our Sunday visitor's Catholic encyclopedia</i> (Rev. ed.). Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Pub. p.&#160;111. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-669-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-669-0">0-87973-669-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+M.J.+Stravinskas%2C&amp;rft.aulast=editor&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Sunday+visitor%27s+Catholic+encyclopedia&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.edition=Rev.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-87973-669-0&amp;rft.pages=111&amp;rft.place=Huntington%2C+Ind.&amp;rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Pub.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c1a1.htm">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - Part 3"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+Part+3&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp3s2c1a1.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Culver, Roger B.; Ianna, Philip A. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Astrology_True_Or_False.html?id=OhoRAQAAIAAJ&amp;source=kp_cover"><i>Astrology True or False?: A Scientific Evaluation</i></a>. Prometheus Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger+B.&amp;rft.au=Ianna%2C+Philip+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Culver&amp;rft.btitle=Astrology+True+or+False%3F%3A+A+Scientific+Evaluation&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FAstrology_True_Or_False.html%3Fid%3DOhoRAQAAIAAJ%26source%3Dkp_cover&amp;rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">McGrew, John H.; McFall, Richard M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticalmedia.com/astrology/Scientific%20Inquiry%20into%20Astrology.pdf">"A Scientific Inquiry Into the Validity of Astrology"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Scientific Exploration</i> <b>4</b> (1). pp.&#160;75–83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=A+Scientific+Inquiry+Into+the+Validity+of+Astrology&amp;rft.aufirst=John+H.&amp;rft.aulast=McGrew&amp;rft.au=McFall%2C+Richard+M.&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepticalmedia.com%2Fastrology%2FScientific%2520Inquiry%2520into%2520Astrology.pdf&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Scientific+Exploration&amp;rft.pages=75-83&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Humanist-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humanist_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318140638/http://www.americanhumanist.org/about/astrology.html">"Objections to Astrology: A Statement by 186 Leading Scientists"</a>. The Humanist, September/October 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanhumanist.org/about/astrology.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Objections+to+Astrology%3A+A+Statement+by+186+Leading+Scientists&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2Fabout%2Fastrology.html&amp;rft.pub=The+Humanist%2C+September%2FOctober+1975&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehumanist.org/the-humanist-archive/">The Humanist</a>, volume 36, no.5 (1976).</li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Bok, Bart J.; Lawrence E. Jerome; Paul Kurtz (1982). "Objections to Astrology: A Statement by 186 Leading Scientists". In Patrick Grim. <i>Philosophy of Science and the Occult</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp.&#160;14–18. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-572-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-572-2">0-87395-572-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Objections+to+Astrology%3A+A+Statement+by+186+Leading+Scientists&amp;rft.au=Bok%2C+Bart+J.&amp;rft.au=Lawrence+E.+Jerome&amp;rft.au=Paul+Kurtz&amp;rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Science+and+the+Occult&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=0-87395-572-2&amp;rft.pages=14-18&amp;rft.place=Albany&amp;rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Allum-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allum_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allum, Nick (13 December 2010). "What Makes Some People Think Astrology Is Scientific?". <i>Science Communication</i> <b>33</b> (3): 341–366. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547010389819">10.1177/1075547010389819</a>. <q>This underlies the <i>Barnum effect</i>. Named after the 19th-century showman Phileas T. Barnum—whose circus provided "a little something for everyone"—it refers to the idea that people believe a statement about their personality that is vague or trivial if they think it derives from some systematic procedure tailored especially for them (Dickson &amp; Kelly, 1985; Furnham &amp; Schofield, 1987; Rogers &amp; Soule, 2009; Wyman &amp; Vyse, 2008). For example, the more birth detail is used in an astrological prediction or horoscope, the more credulous people tend to be (Furnham, 1991). However, confirmation bias means that people do not tend to pay attention to other information that might disconfirm the credibility of the predictions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=What+Makes+Some+People+Think+Astrology+Is+Scientific%3F&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rft.aulast=Allum&amp;rft.date=2010-12-13&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1075547010389819&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Science+Communication&amp;rft.pages=341-366&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=33" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Raymond-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raymond_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymond_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymond_115-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nickerson, Raymond S. Nickerson (1998). "Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises". <i>Review of General Psychology</i>. 2 <b>2</b> (2): 175–220. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.2.2.175">10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Confirmation+Bias%3A+A+Ubiquitous+Phenomenon+in+Many+Guises&amp;rft.aufirst=Raymond+S.+Nickerson&amp;rft.aulast=Nickerson&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.2.2.175&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&amp;rft.pages=175-220&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=2" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Eysenck1982-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eysenck1982_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eysenck1982_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eysenck, H.J.; Nias, D.K.B. (1984). <i>Astrology: Science or Superstition?</i>. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-022397-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-022397-5">0-14-022397-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=H.J.&amp;rft.aulast=Eysenck&amp;rft.au=Nias%2C+D.K.B.&amp;rft.btitle=Astrology%3A+Science+or+Superstition%3F&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-14-022397-5&amp;rft.place=Harmondsworth&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Gonzalez-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gonzalez (1990). Jean-Paul Caverni; Jean-Marc Fabre, Michel, eds. <i>Cognitive biases</i>. Amsterdam: North-Holland. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-88413-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-88413-0">0-444-88413-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Gonzalez&amp;rft.btitle=Cognitive+biases&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-444-88413-0&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pub=North-Holland&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-PopperStanford-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopperStanford_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stephen Thornton, Edward N. Zalta (older edition). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/">"Karl Popper"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Karl+Popper&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpopper%2F&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Popper-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Popper_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Popper, Karl (2004). <i>Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge</i> (Reprinted‌ ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28594-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28594-1">0-415-28594-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Karl&amp;rft.aulast=Popper&amp;rft.btitle=Conjectures+and+Refutations%3A+The+Growth+of+Scientific+Knowledge&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.edition=Reprinted%8C&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-28594-1&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span>
<ul>
<li>The relevant piece is also published in <cite class="citation book">Schick Jr, Theodore (2000). <i>Readings in the Philosophy of Science: From Positivism to Postmodernism</i>. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. pp.&#160;33–39. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7674-0277-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7674-0277-4">0-7674-0277-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore&amp;rft.aulast=Schick+Jr&amp;rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science%3A+From+Positivism+to+Postmodernism&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7674-0277-4&amp;rft.pages=33-39&amp;rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA&amp;rft.pub=Mayfield+Pub&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Cogan-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cogan_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cogan, Robert (1998). <i>Critical Thinking: Step by Step</i>. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-1067-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-1067-6">0-7618-1067-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.aulast=Cogan&amp;rft.btitle=Critical+Thinking%3A+Step+by+Step&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7618-1067-6&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Wright-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wright, Peter (1975). "Astrology and Science in Seventeenth-Century England". <i>Social Studies of Science</i> <b>5</b>: 399–422. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F030631277500500402">10.1177/030631277500500402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrology+and+Science+in+Seventeenth-Century+England&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Wright&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030631277500500402&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Studies+of+Science&amp;rft.pages=399-422&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=5" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Kuhn-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuhn_123-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kuhn, Thomas (1970). <a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Imre Lakatos</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Musgrave" title="Alan Musgrave">Alan Musgrave</a>, eds. <i>Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science [held at Bedford College, Regent's Park, London, from July 11th to 17th 1965]</i> (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-09623-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-09623-5">0-521-09623-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft.aulast=Kuhn&amp;rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Colloquium+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science+%5Bheld+at+Bedford+College%2C+Regent%27s+Park%2C+London%2C+from+July+11th+to+17th+1965%5D&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.edition=Reprint&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-09623-5&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Hurley-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurley_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurley_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hurley, Patrick (2005). <i>A concise introduction to logic</i> (9th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-534-58505-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-534-58505-1">0-534-58505-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.aulast=Hurley&amp;rft.btitle=A+concise+introduction+to+logic&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=9th&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-534-58505-1&amp;rft.place=Belmont%2C+Calif.&amp;rft.pub=Wadsworth&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-EdwardJ-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EdwardJ_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EdwardJ_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James, Edward W. (1982). Patrick Grim, ed. <i>Philosophy of science and the occult</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-572-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-572-2">0-87395-572-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&amp;rft.aulast=James&amp;rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+science+and+the+occult.&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-87395-572-2&amp;rft.place=Albany&amp;rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Muller-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Muller_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Muller, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muller.lbl.gov/homepage.html">"Web site of Richard A. Muller, Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of California at Berkeley,"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.aulast=Muller&amp;rft.btitle=Web+site+of+Richard+A.+Muller%2C+Professor+in+the+Department+of+Physics+at+the+University+of+California+at+Berkeley%2C&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuller.lbl.gov%2Fhomepage.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><i>My former student Shawn Carlson published in Nature magazine the definitive scientific test of Astrology.</i><br />
<cite class="citation web">Maddox, Sir John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/astrology.html">"John Maddox, editor of the science journal Nature, commenting on Carlson's test"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Sir+John&amp;rft.aulast=Maddox&amp;rft.btitle=John+Maddox%2C+editor+of+the+science+journal+Nature%2C+commenting+on+Carlson%27s+test&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fastrology.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <i>"...&#160;a perfectly convincing and lasting demonstration."</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-CritThink-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritThink_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Jonathan C. (2010). <i>Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit</i>. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8123-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8123-5">978-1-4051-8123-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.btitle=Pseudoscience+and+Extraordinary+Claims+of+the+Paranormal%3A+A+Critical+Thinker%27s+Toolkit&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8123-5&amp;rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Pont-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pont_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pont, Graham (2004). "Philosophy and Science of Music in Ancient Greece". <i>Nexus Network Journal</i> <b>6</b> (1): 17–29. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00004-004-0003-x">10.1007/s00004-004-0003-x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Philosophy+and+Science+of+Music+in+Ancient+Greece&amp;rft.aufirst=Graham&amp;rft.aulast=Pont&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00004-004-0003-x&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Nexus+Network+Journal&amp;rft.pages=17-29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=6" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Gauquelin-1955-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gauquelin-1955_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gauquelin, Michel (1955). <i>L'influence des astres: étude critique et expérimentale</i>. Paris: Éditions du Dauphin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Michel&amp;rft.aulast=Gauquelin&amp;rft.btitle=L%27influence+des+astres%3A+%C3%A9tude+critique+et+exp%C3%A9rimentale&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Dauphin&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Carroll-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carroll, Robert Todd (2003). <i>The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions</i>. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6">0-471-27242-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+Todd&amp;rft.aulast=Carroll&amp;rft.btitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary%3A+A+Collection+of+Strange+Beliefs%2C+Amusing+Deceptions%2C+and+Dangerous+Delusions&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-471-27242-6&amp;rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Wiley&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Benski-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benski_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Benski, Claude; et al. (1995). <i>The "Mars Effect: A French Test of over 1,000 Sports Champions</i>. with a commentary by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Willem_Nienhuys" title="Jan Willem Nienhuys">Jan Willem Nienhuys</a>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-988-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-988-7">0-87975-988-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Claude&amp;rft.aulast=Benski&amp;rft.btitle=The+%22Mars+Effect%3A+A+French+Test+of+over+1%2C000+Sports+Champions&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-87975-988-7&amp;rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&amp;rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-FailToPredict-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FailToPredict_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Matthews, Robert (17 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1439101/Astrologers-fail-to-predict-proof-they-are-wrong.html">"Astrologers fail to predict proof they are wrong"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i> (London)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrologers+fail+to+predict+proof+they+are+wrong&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.aulast=Matthews&amp;rft.date=2003-08-17&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1439101%2FAstrologers-fail-to-predict-proof-they-are-wrong.html&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Geoffrey-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dean G.; Kelly, I. W. (2003). "Is Astrology Relevant to Consciousness and Psi?". <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> <b>10</b> (6–7): 175–198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Is+Astrology+Relevant+to+Consciousness+and+Psi%3F&amp;rft.au=Dean+G.&amp;rft.au=Kelly%2C+I.+W.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=6%937&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consciousness+Studies&amp;rft.pages=175-198&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=10" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ChrisFrench-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChrisFrench_134-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Chris, French (7 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/feb/07/astrologers-parallel-universes">"Astrologers and other inhabitants of parallel universes"</a>. <i>7 February 2012</i> (London: The Guardian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrologers+and+other+inhabitants+of+parallel+universes&amp;rft.aufirst=French&amp;rft.aulast=Chris&amp;rft.date=2012-02-07&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fscience%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F07%2Fastrologers-parallel-universes&amp;rft.jtitle=7+February+2012&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Shermer-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shermer_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">editor, Michael Shermer, (2002). <i>The Skeptic encyclopedia of pseudoscience</i>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p.&#160;241. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-653-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-653-9">1-57607-653-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+Shermer%2C&amp;rft.aulast=editor&amp;rft.btitle=The+Skeptic+encyclopedia+of+pseudoscience&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-57607-653-9&amp;rft.pages=241&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tester, 1999. Page 161.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Charpak-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpak_137-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Charpak, Georges; Holland, Henri Broch (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DpnWcMzeh8oC&amp;q=astrology#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Debunked!: ESP, telekinesis, and other pseudoscience</i></a>. translated by Bart K. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.&#160;6, 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-7867-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-7867-5">0-8018-7867-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Georges&amp;rft.au=Holland%2C+Henri+Broch&amp;rft.aulast=Charpak&amp;rft.btitle=Debunked%21%3A+ESP%2C+telekinesis%2C+and+other+pseudoscience&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDpnWcMzeh8oC%26q%3Dastrology%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft.isbn=0-8018-7867-5&amp;rft.pages=6%2C+7&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JrdVAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=5bADAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6779,6948658&amp;dq=hitler-astrologer&amp;hl=en">"The Strange Story Of Britain's "State Seer<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 August 1952<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=The+Strange+Story+Of+Britain%27s+%22State+Seer%22&amp;rft.date=1952-08-30&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DJrdVAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D5bADAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6779%2C6948658%26dq%3Dhitler-astrologer%26hl%3Den&amp;rft.pub=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Norton-Taylor, Richard (4 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/mar/04/nationalarchives.secondworldwar">"Star turn: astrologer who became SOE's secret weapon against Hitler"</a>. London: The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Star+turn%3A+astrologer+who+became+SOE%27s+secret+weapon+against+Hitler&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&amp;rft.date=2008-03-04&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fuk%2F2008%2Fmar%2F04%2Fnationalarchives.secondworldwar&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Regan, Donald T. (1988). <i>For the record: from Wall Street to Washington</i> (first ed.). San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-163966-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-163966-3">0-15-163966-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+T.&amp;rft.aulast=Regan&amp;rft.btitle=For+the+record%3A+from+Wall+Street+to+Washington&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.edition=first&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-15-163966-3&amp;rft.place=San+Diego&amp;rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><cite class="citation book">Quigley, Joan (1990). <i>What does Joan say?&#160;: my seven years as White House astrologer to Nancy and Ronald Reagan</i>. Secaucus, NJ: Birch Lane Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55972-032-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55972-032-8">1-55972-032-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Quigley%2C+Joan&amp;rft.btitle=What+does+Joan+say%3F+%3A+my+seven+years+as+White+House+astrologer+to+Nancy+and+Ronald+Reagan&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-55972-032-8&amp;rft.place=Secaucus%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Birch+Lane+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation news">Gorney, Cynthia (11 May 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73606295.html?FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;date=May+11%2C+1988&amp;author=Cynthia+Gorney&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&amp;edition=&amp;startpage=c.01&amp;desc=The+Reagan+Chart+Watch%3B+Astrologer+Joan+Quigley%2C+Eye+on+the+Cosmos">"The Reagan Chart Watch; Astrologer Joan Quigley, Eye on the Cosmos"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i> (The Washington Post)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Reagan+Chart+Watch%3B+Astrologer+Joan+Quigley%2C+Eye+on+the+Cosmos&amp;rft.au=Gorney%2C+Cynthia&amp;rft.date=1988-05-11&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost%2Faccess%2F73606295.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26date%3DMay%2B11%252C%2B1988%26author%3DCynthia%2BGorney%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%2B%2528pre-1997%2BFulltext%2529%26edition%3D%26startpage%3Dc.01%26desc%3DThe%2BReagan%2BChart%2BWatch%253B%2BAstrologer%2BJoan%2BQuigley%252C%2BEye%2Bon%2Bthe%2BCosmos&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Truzzi-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Truzzi_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Truzzi_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Truzzi, Marcello (1972). "The Occult Revival as Popular Culture: Some Random Observations on the Old and the Nouveau Witch". <i>The Sociological Quarterly</i> <b>13</b> (1): 16–36. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x">10.1111/j.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4105818">4105818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Occult+Revival+as+Popular+Culture%3A+Some+Random+Observations+on+the+Old+and+the+Nouveau+Witch&amp;rft.au=Truzzi%2C+Marcello&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4105818&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1533-8525.1972.tb02101.x&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sociological+Quarterly&amp;rft.pages=16-36&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=13" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Nederman-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_143-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_143-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nederman_143-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cary J. Nederman &amp; James Wray Goulding (Winter 1981). "Popular Occultism and Critical Social Theory: Exploring Some Themes in Adorno's Critique of Astrology and the Occult". <i>Sociological Analysis</i> <b>42</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Popular+Occultism+and+Critical+Social+Theory%3A+Exploring+Some+Themes+in+Adorno%27s+Critique+of+Astrology+and+the+Occult&amp;rft.au=Cary+J.+Nederman&amp;rft.au=James+Wray+Goulding&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sociological+Analysis&amp;rft.ssn=winter&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=42" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Adorno-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adorno_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Theodor W. Adorno (Spring 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.telospress.com/content/1974/19/13.short">"The Stars Down to Earth: The Los Angeles Times Astrology Column"</a>. <i>Telos</i> <b>1974</b> (19): 13–90. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.3817%2F0374019013">10.3817/0374019013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Stars+Down+to+Earth%3A+The+Los+Angeles+Times+Astrology+Column&amp;rft.au=Theodor+W.+Adorno&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.telospress.com%2Fcontent%2F1974%2F19%2F13.short&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3817%2F0374019013&amp;rft.issue=19&amp;rft.jtitle=Telos&amp;rft.pages=13-90&amp;rft.ssn=spring&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=1974" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Moore, David W. (16 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/16915/Three-Four-Americans-Believe-Paranormal.aspx">"Three in Four Americans Believe in Paranormal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=David+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.btitle=Three+in+Four+Americans+Believe+in+Paranormal&amp;rft.date=2005-06-16&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F16915%2FThree-Four-Americans-Believe-Paranormal.aspx&amp;rft.pub=Gallup&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewforum.org/2009/12/09/many-americans-mix-multiple-faiths/#eastern-or-new-age-beliefs-evil-eye">"Eastern or New Age Beliefs, 'Evil Eye<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>Many Americans Mix Multiple Faiths</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center's</a> Religion &amp; Public Life Project. 9 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Eastern+or+New+Age+Beliefs%2C+%27Evil+Eye%27&amp;rft.date=2009-12-09&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2009%2F12%2F09%2Fmany-americans-mix-multiple-faiths%2F%23eastern-or-new-age-beliefs-evil-eye&amp;rft.jtitle=Many+Americans+Mix+Multiple+Faiths&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NSF-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NSF_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NSF_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind14/index.cfm/chapter-7/c7h.htm">"Science and Engineering Indicators: Chapter 7.Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding"</a>. National Science Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Science+and+Engineering+Indicators%3A+Chapter+7.Science+and+Technology%3A+Public+Attitudes+and+Understanding&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fseind14%2Findex.cfm%2Fchapter-7%2Fc7h.htm&amp;rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wideind-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wideind_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kaufman, Michael T. (23 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/23/world/bangalore-venkata-raman-indian-astrologer-dies-at-86.html">"BV Raman Dies"</a>. New York Times, 23 December 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=BV+Raman+Dies&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&amp;rft.aulast=Kaufman&amp;rft.date=1998-12-23&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F12%2F23%2Fworld%2Fbangalore-venkata-raman-indian-astrologer-dies-at-86.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-fof-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fof_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dipankar Das. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifepositive.com/mind/predictive-sciences/astrology.asp">"Fame and Fortune"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Dipankar+Das&amp;rft.btitle=Fame+and+Fortune&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifepositive.com%2Fmind%2Fpredictive-sciences%2Fastrology.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/428081.stm">"Soothsayers offer heavenly help"</a>. BBC News. 2 September 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Soothsayers+offer+heavenly+help&amp;rft.date=1999-09-02&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F428081.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences." David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, 2008</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? <i>Indian Journal of Medical Ethics</i> October–December 2001 9(4) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20101103000514/http://issuesinmedicalethics.org/094co123.html">[1]</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-BBC_India-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_India_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/highlights/010531_vedic.shtml">"Indian Astrology vs Indian Science"</a>. BBC. 31 May 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Indian+Astrology+vs+Indian+Science&amp;rft.date=2001-05-31&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Fsci_tech%2Fhighlights%2F010531_vedic.shtml&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-UGC-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UGC_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512154221/http://www.education.nic.in/circulars/astrologycurriculum.htm">"Guidelines for Setting up Departments of Vedic Astrology in Universities Under the Purview of University Grants Commission"</a>. Government of India, Department of Education. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.nic.in/circulars/astrologycurriculum.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>There is an urgent need to rejuvenate the science of Vedic Astrology in India, to allow this scientific knowledge to reach to the society at large and to provide opportunities to get this important science even exported to the world,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+Setting+up+Departments+of+Vedic+Astrology+in+Universities+Under+the+Purview+of+University+Grants+Commission&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.nic.in%2Fcirculars%2Fastrologycurriculum.htm&amp;rft.pub=Government+of+India%2C+Department+of+Education&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Astrology is a science: Bombay HC', <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Astrology-is-a-science-Bombay-HC/articleshow/7418795.cms">The Times of India</a>, 3 February 2011</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bTGN21ev2MC&amp;pg=PA22&amp;dq=hinoeuma&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=66cLUMDsPMuxrAfBso3ICA&amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ"><i>Japanese childrearing: two generations of scholarship</i></a>. 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Japanese+childrearing%3A+two+generations+of+scholarship&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bTGN21ev2MC%26pg%3DPA22%26dq%3Dhinoeuma%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D66cLUMDsPMuxrAfBso3ICA%26ved%3D0CDMQ6AEwAQ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAOrAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA22&amp;dq=hinoeuma&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=66cLUMDsPMuxrAfBso3ICA&amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw"><i>The Political Economy of Japan: Cultural and social dynamics</i></a>. 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Japan%3A+Cultural+and+social+dynamics&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAOrAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA22%26dq%3Dhinoeuma%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D66cLUMDsPMuxrAfBso3ICA%26ved%3D0CD0Q6AEwAw&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Wedel-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wedel_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wedel_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wedel, Theodore Otto (2003) [1920]. "9: Astrology in Gower and Chaucer". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V9lVQVyb9M4C&amp;pg=PA133&amp;lpg=PA133&amp;dq=%22Confessio+Amantis%22+Gower+astrology#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Confessio%20Amantis%22%20Gower%20astrology&amp;f=false"><i>Mediæval Attitude Toward Astrology, Particularly in England</i></a>. Kessinger. pp.&#160;131–156. <q>The literary interest in astrology, which had been on the increase in England throughout the fourteenth century, culminated in the works of Gower and Chaucer. Although references to astrology were already frequent in the romances of the fourteenth century, these still retained the signs of being foreign importations. It was only in the fifteenth century that astrological similes and embellishments became a matter of course in the literature of England.<br />
Such innovations, one must confess, were due far more to Chaucer than to Gower. Gower, too, saw artistic possibilities in the new astrological learning, and promptly used these in his retelling of the Alexander legend—but he confined himself, for the most part, to a bald rehearsal of facts and theories. It is, accordingly, as a part of the long encyclopaedia of natural science that he inserted into his <i>Confessio Amantis</i>, and in certain didactic passages of the <i>Vox Clamantis</i> and the <i>Mirour de l'Omme</i>, that Astrology figures most largely in his works&#160;... Gower's sources on the subject of astrology&#160;... were Albumasar's <i>Introductorium in Astronomiam</i>, the Pseudo-Aristotelian <i>Secretum Secretorum</i>, Brunetto Latini's <i>Trésor</i>, and the <i>Speculum Astronomiae</i> ascribed to Albert the Great.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=9%3A+Astrology+in+Gower+and+Chaucer&amp;rft.au=Wedel%2C+Theodore+Otto&amp;rft.btitle=Medi%C3%A6val+Attitude+Toward+Astrology%2C+Particularly+in+England&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV9lVQVyb9M4C%26pg%3DPA133%26lpg%3DPA133%26dq%3D%2522Confessio%2BAmantis%2522%2BGower%2Bastrology%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Confessio%2520Amantis%2522%2520Gower%2520astrology%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft.pages=131-156&amp;rft.pub=Kessinger&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-WoodAstrolabe-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoodAstrolabe_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, 1970. pp.12–21</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-DeLacy-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_160-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLacy_160-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">De Lacy, Hugh (October 1934). "Astrology in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser". <i>The Journal of English and Germanic Philology</i> <b>33</b> (4): 520–543. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/27703949">27703949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrology+in+the+Poetry+of+Edmund+Spenser&amp;rft.au=De+Lacy%2C+Hugh&amp;rft.date=1934-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27703949&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+English+and+Germanic+Philology&amp;rft.pages=520-543&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=33" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Camden-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Camden_161-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Camden Carroll, Jr. (April 1933). "Astrology in Shakespeare's Day". <i>Isis</i> <b>19</b> (1): 26–73. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F346721">10.1086/346721</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/225186">225186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Astrology+in+Shakespeare%27s+Day&amp;rft.au=Camden+Carroll%2C+Jr.&amp;rft.date=1933-04&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F225186&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F346721&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Isis&amp;rft.pages=26-73&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=19" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Halstead, Frank G. (July 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/470235">"The Attitude of Lope de Vega toward Astrology and Astronomy"</a>. <i>Hispanic Review</i> <b>7</b> (3): 205–219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Attitude+of+Lope+de+Vega+toward+Astrology+and+Astronomy&amp;rft.au=Halstead%2C+Frank+G.&amp;rft.date=1939-07&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F470235&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Hispanic+Review&amp;rft.pages=205-219&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=7" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Steiner, Arpad (August 1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/433789">"Calderon's Astrologo Fingido in France"</a>. <i>Modern Philology</i> <b>24</b> (1): 27–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=Calderon%27s+Astrologo+Fingido+in+France&amp;rft.au=Steiner%2C+Arpad&amp;rft.date=1926-08&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F433789&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Modern+Philology&amp;rft.pages=27-30&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=24" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campion, Nicholas.:<i>A History of Western Astrology: Volume II: The Medieval and Modern Worlds</i>. (Continuum Books, 2009) pp.&#160;244–245 <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847252241" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84725-224-1</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Adams, Noah (10 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=6045052">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Pluto the Renewer' is no swan song"</a>. National Public Radio (NPR)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Adams%2C+Noah&amp;rft.btitle=%27Pluto+the+Renewer%27+is+no+swan+song&amp;rft.date=2006-09-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Ftranscript%2Ftranscript.php%3FstoryId%3D6045052&amp;rft.pub=National+Public+Radio+%28NPR%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Vaughan, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtonarchive.com/ballets/1938.htm">"Frederick Ashton and His Ballets 1938"</a>. Ashton Archive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Vaughan%2C+David&amp;rft.btitle=Frederick+Ashton+and+His+Ballets+1938&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtonarchive.com%2Fballets%2F1938.htm&amp;rft.pub=Ashton+Archive&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sounz.org.nz/works/show/10611">"The Twelve Signs: An Astrological Entertainment"</a>. Centre for New Zealand Music<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=The+Twelve+Signs%3A+An+Astrological+Entertainment&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsounz.org.nz%2Fworks%2Fshow%2F10611&amp;rft.pub=Centre+for+New+Zealand+Music&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paglia, Camille. <i>Sex, Art, and American Culture: Essays</i>. Penguin Books, 1992, p. 114.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Catton" title="Eleanor Catton">Catton, Eleanor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/11/eleanor-catton-luminaries-how-she-wrote-booker-prize">"Eleanor Catton on how she wrote The Luminaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.aufirst=Eleanor&amp;rft.aulast=Catton&amp;rft.btitle=Eleanor+Catton+on+how+she+wrote+The+Luminaries&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fapr%2F11%2Feleanor-catton-luminaries-how-she-wrote-booker-prize&amp;rft.pub=The+Guardian&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><cite class="citation book">Barton, Tamsyn (1994). <i>Ancient Astrology</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-11029-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-11029-7">0-415-11029-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Barton%2C+Tamsyn&amp;rft.btitle=Ancient+Astrology&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-11029-7&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Campion, Nicholas (1982). <i>An Introduction to the History of Astrology</i>. ISCWA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Campion%2C+Nicholas&amp;rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Astrology&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=ISCWA&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Holden, James Herschel (2006). <i>A History of Horoscopic Astrology</i> (2nd ed.). AFA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86690-463-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86690-463-8">0-86690-463-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Holden%2C+James+Herschel&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Horoscopic+Astrology&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-86690-463-8&amp;rft.pub=AFA&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Kay, Richard (1994). <i>Dante's Christian Astrology</i>. Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Kay%2C+Richard&amp;rft.btitle=Dante%27s+Christian+Astrology&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&amp;rft.series=Middle+Ages+Series&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Long, A.A. (2005). "6: Astrology: arguments pro and contra". In Barnes, Jonathan; Brunschwig, J. <i>Science and Speculation</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;165–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=6%3A+Astrology%3A+arguments+pro+and+contra&amp;rft.au=Long%2C+A.A.&amp;rft.btitle=Science+and+Speculation&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=165-191&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Parker, Derek; Parker, Julia (1983). <i>A history of astrology</i>. Deutsch. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-233-97576-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-233-97576-4">978-0-233-97576-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Parker%2C+Derek&amp;rft.au=Parker%2C+Julia&amp;rft.btitle=A+history+of+astrology&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-233-97576-4&amp;rft.pub=Deutsch&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Robbins, Frank E., ed. (1940). <i>Ptolemy Tetrabiblos</i>. Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99479-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99479-5">0-674-99479-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.btitle=Ptolemy+Tetrabiblos&amp;rft.date=1940&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-674-99479-5&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press+%28Loeb+Classical+Library%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Tester, S. J. (1999). <i>A History of Western Astrology</i>. Boydell &amp; Brewer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Tester%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Astrology&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Veenstra, J.R. (1997). <i>Magic and Divination at the Courts of Burgundy and France: Text and Context of Laurens Pignon's "Contre les Devineurs" (1411)</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10925-4">978-90-04-10925-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Veenstra%2C+J.R.&amp;rft.btitle=Magic+and+Divination+at+the+Courts+of+Burgundy+and+France%3A+Text+and+Context+of+Laurens+Pignon%27s+%22Contre+les+Devineurs%22+%281411%29&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-10925-4&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Wedel, Theodore Otto (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/medivalattitud00wede#page/n9/mode/2up"><i>The Medieval Attitude Toward Astrology: Particularly in England</i></a>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Wedel%2C+Theodore+Otto&amp;rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Attitude+Toward+Astrology%3A+Particularly+in+England&amp;rft.date=1920&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmedivalattitud00wede%23page%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Wood, Chauncey (1970). <i>Chaucer and the Country of the Stars: Poetical Uses of Astrological Imagery</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+Chauncey&amp;rft.btitle=Chaucer+and+the+Country+of+the+Stars%3A+Poetical+Uses+of+Astrological+Imagery&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Forer, Bertram R. (January 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pt.scribd.com/doc/105681300/Forer-The-Fallacy-of-Personal-Validation-1949">"The Fallacy of Personal Validation: A Classroom Demonstration of Gullibility"</a>. <i>The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology</i> <b>44</b> (1): 118–123. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0059240">10.1037/h0059240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Fallacy+of+Personal+Validation%3A+A+Classroom+Demonstration+of+Gullibility&amp;rft.au=Forer%2C+Bertram+R.&amp;rft.date=1949-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpt.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F105681300%2FForer-The-Fallacy-of-Personal-Validation-1949&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fh0059240&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Abnormal+and+Social+Psychology&amp;rft.pages=118-123&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=44" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Osborn, M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Time_and_the_astrolabe_in_the_Canterbury.html?id=twt6-FgU-EkC"><i>Time and the Astrolabe in The Canterbury Tales</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.au=Osborn%2C+M.&amp;rft.btitle=Time+and+the+Astrolabe+in+The+Canterbury+Tales&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FTime_and_the_astrolabe_in_the_Canterbury.html%3Fid%3Dtwt6-FgU-EkC&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Thorndike, Lynn (1955). "The True Place of Astrology in the History of Science". <i>Isis</i> <b>46</b> (3): 273. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F348412">10.1086/348412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrology&amp;rft.atitle=The+True+Place+of+Astrology+in+the+History+of+Science&amp;rft.au=Thorndike%2C+Lynn&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F348412&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Isis&amp;rft.pages=273&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.volume=46" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<td><a href="//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="24" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></td>
<td><a href="//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Astrology">Texts</a> from Wikisource</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:25px;">
<td><a href="//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="25" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td>
<td><a href="//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Astrology">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</td>
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<tr style="height:25px;">
<td><a href="//en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="Search Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="25" height="23" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></td>
<td><a href="//en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Astrology" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Astrology">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Divination/Astrology/">Astrology</a> at <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cura.free.fr/DIAL.html">Digital International Astrology Library</a> at International Astrology Research Center</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fswLCHEvTc%7CVideo">Carl Sagan on Astrology</a></li>
</ul>
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<td style="padding:2px">
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<div style="font-size:114%"><strong class="selflink">Astrology</strong></div>
</th>
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<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_astrology" title="Category:History of astrology">History of astrology</a></th>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_astronomy" title="Astrology and astronomy">Astrology and astronomy</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_universalis" title="Musica universalis">Musica universalis</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a></i></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers" title="Category:Astrologers">Astrologers</a></th>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers_by_nationality" title="Category:Astrologers by nationality">Astrologers by nationality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">List of astrologers</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types,<br />
branches and systems</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<div class="floatright"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrologyproject.svg" class="image"><img alt="Astrologyproject.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Astrologyproject.svg/120px-Astrologyproject.svg.png" width="120" height="123" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Astrologyproject.svg/180px-Astrologyproject.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Astrologyproject.svg/240px-Astrologyproject.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="328" /></a></div>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_tradition" title="Category:Astrology by tradition">Astrology by tradition</a></dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Burmese_zodiac" title="Burmese zodiac">Burmese zodiac</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Early Irish astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity and astrology">Christianity and astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Hellenistic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Hellenistic Egypt">Astrology in Hellenistic Egypt</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Germany_and_German-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Germany and German-speaking Europe">German astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Cosmobiology" title="Cosmobiology">Cosmobiology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_School_of_Astrology" title="Hamburg School of Astrology">Hamburg School of Astrology</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Hebrew astronomy</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya calendar</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_medieval_Islam" title="Astrology in medieval Islam">Astrology in medieval Islam</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Sri Lanka">Astrology in Sri Lanka</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_type" title="Category:Astrology by type">Astrology by type</a></dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_astrology" title="Agricultural astrology">Agricultural astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_astrology" title="Esoteric astrology">Esoteric astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_planets_in_Western_alchemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical planets in Western alchemy">Classical planets in Western alchemy</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy and astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Divinatory,_esoteric_and_occult_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Divinatory, esoteric and occult tarot">Divinatory, esoteric and occult tarot</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentric astrology">Heliocentric astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Judicial_astrology" title="Judicial astrology">Judicial astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">Karmic astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Katarchic_astrology" title="Katarchic astrology">Katarchic astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Astrocartography" title="Astrocartography">Astrocartography</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_astrology" title="Meteorological astrology">Meteorological astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal astrology</a>
<dl>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Natal_chart" title="Natal chart">Natal chart</a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_and_tropical_astrology" title="Sidereal and tropical astrology">Sidereal and tropical astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">Sun sign astrology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Synoptical_astrology" title="Synoptical astrology">Synoptical astrology</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related topics</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_age" title="Astrological age">Astrological age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">Astrological aspect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Astrological symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_the_classical_elements" title="Astrology and the classical elements">Astrology and the classical elements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural influence of astrology">Cultural influence of astrology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<div>
<dl>
<dt>See also</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astrology" title="Portal:Astrology">Astrology Portal</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<tr>
<td style="padding:2px">
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<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divination" title="Template:Divination"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
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<div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of</a> <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div>
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<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Theriomancy</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ailuromancy" title="Ailuromancy">Ailuromancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alectryomancy" title="Alectryomancy">Alectryomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Augur" title="Augur">Augury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Myomancy" title="Myomancy">Myomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Myrmomancy" title="Myrmomancy">Myrmomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></th>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination"><i>I Ching</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Sanctorum" title="Sortes Sanctorum">Bible</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Homericae" title="Sortes Homericae">Homer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Virgil</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oculomancy" title="Oculomancy">Oculomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">Catoptromancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">Hydromancy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Favomancy" title="Favomancy">Favomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merindinlogun" class="mw-redirect" title="Merindinlogun">Merindinlogun</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Somatomancy</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cephalonomancy" title="Cephalonomancy">Cephalomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chiromancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiromancy">Chiromancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omphalomancy" title="Omphalomancy">Omphalomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Podomancy" title="Podomancy">Podomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rumpology" title="Rumpology">Rumpology</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:2px">
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li>
<li><strong class="selflink">Astrology</strong></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belomancy" title="Belomancy">Belomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bone_divination" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone divination">Bone divination</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">Esotericism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kumalak" title="Kumalak">Kumalak</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Molybdomancy" title="Molybdomancy">Molybdomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomancy" title="Rhabdomancy">Rhabdomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodomancy" title="Rhapsodomancy">Rhapsodomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">Scapulimancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taghairm" title="Taghairm">Taghairm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Technomancy" title="Technomancy">Technomancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div>
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<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Terminology</th>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarcheology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoarcheology">Pseudoarcheology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_scientific_theories" title="Superseded scientific theories">Superseded scientific theories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li>
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<li><strong class="selflink">Astrology</strong></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">JREF</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></i></li>
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<div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></b></div>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4003305-3">4003305-3</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F8254.php">8254</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570750">00570750</a></span></span></li>
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						<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="//af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a href="//als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85" title="علم التنجيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="//an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloch%C3%ADa" title="Astrolochía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="//ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="//az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologiya" title="Astrologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="//bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="জ?যোতিষশাস?ত?র – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="//zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiam-seng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Chiam-seng-ha?k – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="//be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="??тралогі? – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be">Белару?ка?</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="??тралёгі? – белару?ка? (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">Белару?ка? (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="//bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="फलित ज?योतिष – भोजप?री" lang="bh" hreflang="bh">भोजप?री</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="??трологи? – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Българ?ки</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="//bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="//br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steredouriezh" title="Steredouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="//ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="//cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAr-ddewiniaeth" title="Sêr-ddewiniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloogia" title="Astroloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αστ?ολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolog%C3%ADa" title="Astrología – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologio" title="Astrologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اختربینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">?ارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a href="//fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rnusp%C3%A1" title="Stjørnuspá – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="//fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="//gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="જ?યોતિષવિદ?યા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu">ગ?જરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EC%84%B1%EC%88%A0" title="?성술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="//hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագուշակություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="//hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="फलित ज?योतिष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi">हिन?दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a href="//io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologio" title="Astrologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="//ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie"><a href="//ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="//is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnuspeki" title="Stjörnuspeki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is">?slenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="?סטרולוגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="//jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv">Basa Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="//kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜ?ಯೋತಿಷ?ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn">ಕನ?ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="?სტრ?ლ?გი? – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქ?რთული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="??трологи? – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="//sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unajimu" title="Unajimu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a href="//ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloji" title="Astroloji – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="//ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="??трологи? – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a href="//lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ໂຫລາສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="//la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolo%C4%A3ija" title="Astroloģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="//li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asztrol%C3%B3gia" title="Asztrológia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="??трологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македон?ки</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ജ?യോതിഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="//mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolo%C4%A1ija" title="Astroloġija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="//mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज?योतिष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="//arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85" title="تنجيم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="//ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="//my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဗေဒင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="//ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज?योतिष – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new"><a href="//new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ज?योतिषशास?त?र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="?星術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm"><a href="//nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Nouormand" lang="nrm" hreflang="nrm">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov"><a href="//nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="//uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologiya" title="Astrologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi"><a href="//pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज?योतिष – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="//ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="نجومپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="??трологи? – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Ру??кий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa"><a href="//sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="फलितज?योतिषम? – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa">संस?कृतम?</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq"><a href="//stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="//sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologjia" title="Astrologjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="//scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolugg%C3%ACa" title="Astroluggìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="//si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="ත?රක???ස්ත්?ර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrol%C3%B3gia" title="Astrológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Sloven?ina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenš?ina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="??трологија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Срп?ки / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / ?рп?кохрват?ки</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a href="//su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su">Basa Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologi" title="Astrologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="//tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="//ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சோதிடம? – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">தமிழ?</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="//te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="జ?యోతిషశాస?త?రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te">తెల?గ?</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โหราศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="//tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="??трологи? – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroloji" title="Astroloji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="??трологі? – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Україн?ька</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="//ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85" title="نجوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="//vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astro%C5%82ogia" title="Astrołogia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%AAm_tinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Chiêm tinh h?c – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa"><a href="//wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterlodjeye" title="Asterlodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls"><a href="//vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="//war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo"><a href="//wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ABstubiddiw" title="Gëstubiddiw – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="//yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="?סטר?ל?גיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="//zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="?星術 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%AF" title="?星术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li><li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li>					</ul>
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